*Clinical Biochemistry of Renal Disease Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the outermost layer of the kidney called?
The renal cortex.
What is the inner part of the kidney that contains pyramids called?
The renal medulla.
What structures in the renal medulla are responsible for urine collection?
Renal pyramids.
What is the name of the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the renal pyramids?
The renal pelvis.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
What are the two main parts of a nephron?
The renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.
What is the name of the capillary network where filtration occurs in the nephron?
The glomerulus.
What structure surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate?
Bowman’s capsule.
What are the three main sections of the renal tubule?
The proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.
What is the U-shaped structure in the nephron that helps concentrate urine?
The loop of Henle.
What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
The ureter.
What structure controls the passage of urine from the bladder to the outside?
The urethra.
What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to the kidney?
The renal artery.
What blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the kidney?
The renal vein.
How does the kidney help regulate blood pressure?
By controlling the volume of extracellular fluid.
What electrolytes does the kidney help balance?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.
How does the kidney maintain acid-base balance?
By regulating the pH of blood through excretion of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate reabsorption.
What waste products are excreted by the kidney?
Creatinine, urea, and uric acid.
How does the kidney contribute to vitamin D metabolism?
It converts 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D to 1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D (active form) to regulate calcium and phosphate.
What hormone does the kidney produce to stimulate red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin.
What is the function of erythropoietin?
It stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
What enzyme does the kidney produce to help regulate blood pressure?
Renin.
How does renin affect blood pressure?
It controls sodium and water balance via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
