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CXA101 Prac Exam > Clinical biochemistry > Flashcards

Clinical biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

How correct the result is

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2
Q

Precision

A

How repeatable the result is

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3
Q

Standard deviation

A

Measure of variability

Average deviation away from the mean

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4
Q

Mean

A

Average results

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5
Q

Coefficient of variation

A

Comparison of variability between sets of results
%CV = (SD/mean) x 100
Low CV - low variability
High CV - high variability

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6
Q

Colours associated with wavelengths

A

If all wavelengths are absorbed - black
If no wavelengths are absorbed - colourless
If one wavelength is absorbed - complementary colour is seen

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7
Q

Complementary colours

A

Green - red
Blue - orange
Purple - yellow

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8
Q

Beer’s law

A

[x] proportional to Abs

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9
Q

Lambert’s Law

A

Abs proportional to pathlength

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10
Q

Beer-Lambert’s law

A

Abs = Ecl

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11
Q

Beer’s equation

A

Ctest = (Abstest/Absstd) x Cstd

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12
Q

Limits to Beer’s equation

A

Molar absorptivity is assumed to be the same
Cuvettes must be equal
Absorbance must be <2.0 or Law deteriorates
Absorbance must be in linear range

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13
Q

Properties of assays

A 
Sample:reagent ratio
Reaction time
Reaction temperature
Linearity
max wavelength
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14
Q

Sample:reagent ratio

A

Reagent needs to be in excess so all solute is converted
Ratio needs to give absorbance of 0.30-0.40
To determine - run trials of different ratios, check absorbance and determine correct ratio

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15
Q

Reaction time

A

Need to allow enough time for the reaction to be complete
Conduct time trials and plot absorbance vs time
Absorbance needs to be measured at the stationary phase - difference in absorbance <2.5%/min = difference/absorbance at time

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16
Q

Reaction temperature

A

Room temperature is generally suitable

Temperature is dependent on the type of reaction - human enzyme reactions require a temp of 37c

17
Q

Linearity

A

Required for Beers equation to be valid
minimal and maximal concentrations of linear part of a curve
Plot known concentrations against their absorbance and identify linear portion of curve
If a patient sample does not fall in this range, dilute and repeat

18
Q

Wavelength max

A

Highest peak of absorbance

Sometimes multiple peaks and need to choose the one with the largest bandwidth

19
Q

Blank

A

Blanks contain everything but solute of interest
Essentially zero the spectrophotometer
Accounts for absorbance of light due to reagents, cuvette and water

20
Q

Standards

A

Solution of known concentration of analyte

Used in beers equation

21
Q

Quality control

A

Commercially purchased product with set control ranges - gives target value and acceptable ranges
QC’s need to be in range for assay to be deemed reliable

22
Q

Reference intervals

A

Normal population ranges - range deemed normal for 95% of a population
Desirable range - range deemed to have a desirable effect in analyte is kept in or below this range

23
Q

Plasma proteins

A 
Enzymes
defence
transport
coagulation
buffers
fluid balance
24
Q

Hyperproteinemia

A

High total protein in the blood
increased protein by hypergammaglobulinemia - polyclonal (normal immune response) or monoclonal (abnormal production)
Decreased intravascular water by dehydration

25
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

Low protein in the blood
decreased protein by protein-losing states, severe burns, liver disease, severe malnutrition/malabsorption
Increased intravascular water by pregnancy, overhydration or salt retention syndromes

26
Q

Albumin

A

Most abundant protein and synthesised in the liver
single polypeptide in a globular heart-shaped tertiary structure
Transport protein, contributor of plasma colloid osmotic pressure and a reserve of amino acids

27
Q

Hypoalbuminemia

A

Decreased albumin in the blood
Decreased albumin by protein-losing state, nephrotic syndrome, severe burns, liver disease, malnutrition/malabsorption
Increased intravascular water by pregnancy, overhydration, and salt retention syndrome

28
Q

Hyperalbuminemia

A

Increased albumin in the blood
No pathological cause of high albumin levels
Smal changes due to dehydration but unlikely to cause a significant effect

CXA101 Prac Exam (3 decks)

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