Clinical Applications of Nutrition Basics Flashcards
What is the recommendation for an adult for vegetables/day?
4 vegetables/day
What is the recommendation for an adult for fruits/day?
2 fruits/day
What is the result of vitamin C deficiency?
scurvy
What are PE findings assoc w/ scurvy?
inflamed gingiva petechia hemorrhage **impaired wound healing hyperkeratosis bleeding into body cavities
What is recommended protein amt/day?
5 1/2 oz per day
What are better fats?
poly & mono-unsaturated (liquid) fats
seafood, sunflower/olive oils, walnuts & pine nuts, sunflower & pumpkin & flax seeds
What are bad fats?
saturated fats & trans fat
animal fats, solid fats (margarine), coconut oil
What is the Mediterranean diet?
largely plant based
minimal intake of red meat & refined food
includes red wine
What is a good plant based source of Ca2+?
darky leafy veggies
tofu
broccoli & cauliflower
beans & lentils
What is a good source of vitamin D?
mushrooms (good for vegans)
What do egg whites contain?
protein
What do egg yolks contain?
vitamins A, D, B3, B6 & B12
good for vegetarians
What is the major difference between Mediterranean style & vegetarian style diets?
nuts, seeds & soy products are greater in vegetarian diet
Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?
B12 (cobalamin)
only in meat products
What is salt directly related to?
blood pressure & fluid retention
What is the current recommendation for salt intake?
less than 2300mg/day
What was reduced the most in the Dash diet study?
limiting Na to 2300mg lowered blood pressure & LDL cholesterol
What is the Dash diet?
focuses on:
low fat foods
limit foods high in saturated fats
avoid sugar-sweetened beverages & sweets
What is the ingredient list on a food label?
descending order of what predominates in the item
NOT nutritional info
What must nutrition labels include?
serving size
total calories
vitamin D, K+, Ca2 & Fe
What does reduced sodium mean?
at least 25% less sodium than in the original product (which had too much sodium to begin with)
What does no-salt added mean?
no more salt was added
does NOT mean that there is no salt in the product
What does light in sodium mean?
at least 50% less sodium than regular product
What aids in the absorption of vitamin A?
regular salad dressing (modest portion) b/c vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin
What might nutritional deficiency be for pt w/ trouble seeing @ night?
vitamin A
What foods should pt include in diet to improve night vision?
dark green & yellow veggies, tomatoes
Which foods include lots of vitamin C?
fruits & vegetables
Which foods include lots of vitamin E?
wheat germ, avocado, almonds
Which foods include lots of calcium?
dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli
Where does vitamin A deficiency affect vision?
major component of rhodopsin & idopsin
What conditions lead to vitamin A deficiency?
conditions that impair fat absorption
What is an important question to ask for weight loss?
What have you tried in the past?
What is important to ask about current habits?
What do you eat?
When do you eat?
What is your activity level?
What should be included in food diary?
write everything down
include serving sizes
What is included in diet history?
24 hr recall
typical day
food diary
food frequency
How can you counsel a pt on serving size?
thumb is a tablespoon
cup hand is 1/2 cup
palm of hand is serving of protein/meat for day
What is crucial for weight loss?
exercise!
exercise needs to be outside of routine
What is important for counseling pts on weight loss?
goal setting
burning or avoiding 500 calories/day=1 pound lost/week
What is the biggest component of goal setting?
writing it down
What should you counsel pts to eat when want to lose weight?
increase more raw fruits & veggies (b/c take up space & take time to eat)
cut down on fats
What is minimum that pt should do for losing weight?
count fruits/vegetables you eat every day
What does a healthy diet look like? (for losing weight)
eating a wide variety of colors
eating more whole grains
limit fat intake (& eat good fats)
count fruits & vegetables (6-9/day)
avoid processes & fast foods
What foods are high in fat & carbs/sat?
processed & fast foods
What is important for pt to develop good nutrition plan?
dietician/nurse counselor
regular check in w/ provider
support system
What does low sodium mean?
140mg of sodium or less per serving
What does sodium free mean?
less than 5mg of sodium per serving
What does fat-free mean?
less than 0.5mg of fat per serving
What does trans fat free mean?
less than 0.5g trans fat per serving
may still contain 0.49g of trans fat
