Clinical Appliactions

Question 1

What is useful about the femoral pulse?

Answer 1

Femoral artery is good for arterial sample collection, and a good place to perform angiographs.

Question 2

What is useful about the femoral vein?

Answer 2

Femoral vein cannulation.

Question 3

What does a femoral nerve block do?

Answer 3

Used for pain relief, following a hip fracture for example.

Question 4

How can herniation occur?

Answer 4

Small intestine can slip through the femoral ring, and then through the saphenous opening, causing intestinal strangulation.

Question 5

What is foot drop?`

Answer 5

The foot is passively plantarflexed and inverted, as dorsiflexors are damaged (damage to deep peroneal). Potentially will see high steppage gait.

Question 6

Compartment syndrome.

Answer 6

Following trauma, can be arterial leakage in a compartment. As a result,when the pressure builds up loss of arterial supply to muscles, leading to ischaemia and necrosis of muscles. 5 P’s: pain, pallor, pulselessness,paraesthesia and paralysis.

Question 7

Pes Anserinus can be used for what?

Answer 7

Tendons can be cut to use for ACL reconstruction.

Question 8

What is terrible/unhappy triad?

Answer 8

Following valgus force to knees, damage to MCL, lateral meniscus and ACL.

Question 9

What is trendelenburg gait?

Answer 9

Damage to gluteus medius muscle, resulting in less pelvic stabiliaztion. Upon standing on affected leg, other hip drops.

Question 10

Intra gluteal injenctins are performed where?

Answer 10

superolateral part of the buttock, so as to avoid sciatic nerve. Buttock is good as large surface area for venous drainage.

Question 11

Trochanteric bursitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the bursa over the two trochanters. Pain when glut max fibres rub over when getting up from chair, or going up stairs.

Question 12

Piriformis syndrome.

Answer 12

When piriformis is compressing the sciatic nerve and pain and numbness follows the sciatic nerve into the post thigh and leg.

Question 13

Femoral head fractures

Answer 13

intertrochanteric fractures will not affect blood supply. A sub capital fracture is more severe, as blood supply is compromised.

Question 14

What direction is hip dislocation most common?

Answer 14

Following trauma such as a car crash, posterior dislocation of the hip is most common. ( When the hip is flexed, adducted and internally rotated). The femorl head will move superiorly , causing a short, internallly rotated leg.`

Question 15

Fabella

Answer 15

sesamoid bone found in some lateral head of gastrocnemius that can be found in an x ray.