Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LC Gastroenterology Week 2 > Clinical Antomy of Jaundice (Part 1) > Flashcards

Clinical Antomy of Jaundice (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

Normal by-product of the break down of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does breakdown of red blood cells mainly occur?

A

In the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is bilirubin used to form?

A

Bile - which is formed in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does bile travel through?

A

The biliary tree - A set of tubes connecting the liver to the 2nd part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the gallbladder do in terms of bile?

A

It stores and concentrates bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does bile aid in the small intestine?

A

The normal absorption of fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Excretes digestive enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the surface anatomy of the liver?

A

Located mainline the RUQ

Protected by ribs 7-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some of the functions of the liver?

A

Glycogen storage
Bile secretion
Other metabolic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the gall bladder in relation to the liver?

A

Posterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right and Left
Caudate lobe - superior
Quadrate lobe - lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the round ligament of the liver?

A

The remnant of the umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ligament that ‘runs between’ the left and right lobe?

A

Falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ports hepatis?

A

Site of entrance for portal triad structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the functional segments of the liver?

A

There are 8 different segments - allowing for segmentectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does each segment of the liver have?

A

Branch of a hepatic artery
Branch of a hepatic portal vein
Bile drainage (to bile duct)
Venous drainage (to IVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the IVC and hepatic veins lack?

A

They lack valves - so if they have a high amount of pressure it will be directed back and cause an enlarged liver, leading to ascites - CHECK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens if there is an increase in central venous pressure? (CHECK WORDING)

A

It is directed to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the hepatic veins do before entering the IVC?

A

The hepatic veins directing deoxygenated blood from the liver come together as 3 veins before entering IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the portal triad run with?

A

The hepatoduodenal ligament - free edge of the lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the coeliac trunk?

A

It is the first of the 3 main midline branches of the aorta which supplies the foregut
IT is retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk leave the aorta?

A

T12

24
Q

What does the coeliac trunk trifurcate into?

A

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common Hepatic artery

25
Q

What does the common hepatic artery eventually become? (CHECK)

A

Gastroduodenal artery to then the hepatic artery proper

man gives off gas, and then becomes proper

26
Q

Describe the position of the spleen?

A 
It runs along the superior border of the pancreas
Its intraperitoneal (attached to body wall)
Within the left hypochondrium
27
Q

What is the spleen protected by?

A

Ribs 9-11

28
Q

What is the main function of the spleen?

A

Functions with the haematological system

Breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin

29
Q

What can trauma of the spleen cause? (stabbing, rib fracture)

A

Major internal bleeding

30
Q

What are the major blood supplies of the stomach, along the junction of the lesser curvature and lesser omentum?

A

Right and left gastric arteries (from the hepatic artery proper and coeliac trunk)

Anastomose together

31
Q

What are the major blood supplies of the stomach, along junction of greater curvature and greater omentum?

A

Right and left gastro-omental arteries (from the gastro-duodenal artery and splenic proper)

Anastomose together

32
Q

Where does the blood supply to the liver come from? (20-25%)

A

Right and left hepatic arteries - branches of the hepatic artery proper

33
Q

Where does the rest of the blood reaching the liver come from?

A

The hepatic portal vein

34
Q

Describe the liver lobules

A

They have a central vein in the middle and an interlobular portal triad at each corner

35
Q

What does the central vein collect?

A

The cleaned blood and drains it into the hepatic veins

36
Q

What are the 2 recesses linked with the liver?

A

Hepatorenal recess - lowest part of the peritoneal cavity when patient is supine
Sub-phrenic recess

37
Q

Where are both the recesses located?

A

Within the greater sac

38
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

A

Drains blood from the foregut, midgut and hindgut to the liver for first pass metabolism (cleaning)

39
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein formed by?

A 
Splenic vein (inferior mesenteric vein joins splenic vein too) - foregut 
Superior mesenteric vein - midgut
40
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein do?

A

Drains blood from the hindgut to the splenic vein

41
Q

What does the IVC do from the liver?

A

drains the cleaned blood from the hepatic veins into the right atrium

42
Q

Describe the portal triad structures from anterior to posterior?

A

Bile duct
Hepatic artery proper
Hepatic portal vein

43
Q

What are the different parts of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus
Body
Neck
Cystic duct - narrowing

44
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile in between meals

45
Q

How does bile flow in and out of the gallbladder?

A

Via the cystic duct

46
Q

What does the rustic duct have?

A

A spiral valve, pushes bile up and round into the gallbladder for storage

47
Q

How is blood supplied to the gallbladder?

A

Via the cystic artery (branch of the hepatic artery)

48
Q

What is the cystic artery?

A

It is a brach of the right hepatic artery, it is located in the cystohepatic triangle (of calot)

49
Q

Describe where pain of the gallbladder will be found?

A

It will present in the epigastric region as it is a foregut organ

50
Q

Describe the visceral afferents of the gallbladder?

A

visceral afferents enter spinal cord between T6-T9 as it is a foregut organ

51
Q

How can pain also present with the gallbladder?

A

Can also present in the hypochondriac with or without pain referral to the right shoulder/neck as a result of anterior diapragatic irritation

52
Q

Where can variation occur in terms of the gallbladder

A

Variation can occur in both the cystic duct and cystic artery… but they do usually lie in the triangle of calot

53
Q

what is jaundice caused by?

A

Increase of bilirubin in the blood

54
Q

What are the 2 minor blood supplies to the stomach?

A

Posterior gastric arteries (from splenic)

Short gastric arteries (from splenic)

55
Q

Is the IVC retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

LC Gastroenterology Week 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions