Clinical Anatomy Skills - Upper Limb - Part 1

Question 1

The muscles of the anterior aspect of the arm produce what action at the elbow?

The muscles of the posterior aspect of the arm produce what action at the elbow?

The muscles of the anterior aspect of the forearm produce what action of the wrist and digits?

That muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm produce what action of the wrist and digits?

Answer 1

Flexion

Extension

Flexion

Extension

Question 2

How does the upper limb connect to the axial skeleton?

How does the clavicle form the acrmioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints?

What type of joints are they?

Answer 2

Via the pectoral girdle - which consists of the clavicle and scapula

Each clavicle articulates with the scapula laterally and with the manubrium of the sternum medially forming the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints respectively

Plane synovial joints

Question 3

What is meant by the term ‘process’ in anatomy?

What forms the acromion and caracoid processes?

Answer 3

Projection / outgrowth

The spine of the posterior surface and the anterior of the scapula respectively

Question 4

Fill in the labels of all the different joints of the upper limbs on this diagram:

Answer 4

Question 5

Which joint is a pysiological (functional) joint, where it is not the typical bony joint?

Which joint is the ball and socket synovial joint?

Which joint is made up of the humerus, radius and ulna?

Answer 5

Scapulothoracic joint - scapula lies against the posterolateral surface of the chest wall and held in place by muscles

Glenohumeral joint - shoulder joint

Elbow joint

Question 6

Which 2 joints are responsible for pronation and supination?

In which joint does the distal end of the ulna not take part, yet the distal end of the radius does?

Mainly extension and abduction of the hand occurs at this joint?

Answer 6

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Radiocarpal joint - wrist joint, between the distal end of the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones

Intercarpal joints - whereas flexion and adduction of the hand occurs at the wrist joint mainly

Question 7

At which joint do the proximal ends of the metacarpal bones articulate with the distal row of carpal bones?

At which joint is there flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of the 2nd to 5th digits?

The joints at which the distal heads of the proximal phalanges articulate with the bases of the distally located phalanges?

Answer 7

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints - almost no movements occur at the 2nd and 3rd CMC

Metacarpophalangeal joints - made up of the distal heads of the metacarpus that articulate with the bases of the proximal phalanges

Interphalangeal joints - limited to flexion and extension only