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Y2 ENT Anatomy > Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the space between the lips and the teeth known as?

A

Vestibule

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2
Q

List the muscles of the floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid (above mylohyoid)
Anterior belly of digastric

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3
Q

What vein is visible in the floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual vein

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4
Q

Which structure is involved in tongue-tie?

A

Frenulum

Too short and binds to gingivae of lower incisor teeth

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5
Q

Which major salivary gland is usually palpable?

A

Submandibular gland

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6
Q

Where does the parotid gland release secretions into the mouth?

A

Opposite right 2nd upper molar

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7
Q

Where does the submandibular gland release secretions into the mouth?

A

Sublingual papilla

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8
Q

Where does the sublingual gland release secretions into the mouth?

A

Ducts on sublingual fold

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9
Q

Outline the parasympathetic innervation for the three major salivary glands of the mouth

A

SUBLINGUAL: CNVII chorda tympani
SUBMANDIBULAR CNVII chorda tympani
PAROTID: CNIX (hitches ride on branches of CNV3)

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10
Q

What supplies innervation to the anterior 2/3s of the mouth?

A

General sensory: CNV3

Special sensory: CNVII

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11
Q

What supplies innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the mouth?

A

General and special sensory : CNIX

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12
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Origin of thyroid at apex of terminal groove

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13
Q

How do you know neck pathology is in the thyroid gland?

A

Moves superior to inferior on swallowing

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14
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Change position of tongue in mastication/ swallowing

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15
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

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16
Q

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from?

A

4 paired muscles from tip of genioglossus

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17
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Modify tongue shape during function

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18
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNXII?

A

Medulla oblongata

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19
Q

What is the intracranial course of CNXII?

A

Anterior to hypoglossal canal in PCF

20
Q

What is the extracranial course of CNXII?

A

Reduce in neck lateral to carotid sheath at hyoid

21
Q

What is the base of skull foramen for CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal canal

22
Q

How do you test CNXII?

A

Ask patient to stick tongue straight out - tip should be in midline, if abnormal it will point to side of injured nerve

23
Q

Outline blood supply of the tongue

A

External carotid artery –> Lingual artery (forms a loop) –> Under tongue to supply muscles

24
Q

Which CN courses lateral to the lingual artery?

A

CNXII

25
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

A

In tonsillar fossa/ sinus between the arches

26
Q

Which structure forms from the connection of the two arches of soft palate?

A

Uvula

27
Q

What structures are formed from the hook at the bottom of the sphenoid behind the palatine bone?

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

28
Q

List the muscles of the soft palate

A 
5 PAIRS
Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
29
Q

Outline the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate

A

CNX (except levator veli palatini: CNV3)

30
Q

Which muscle lifts the soft palate?

A

Levator veli palatini

31
Q

Which muscle tenses soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini

32
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Trapdoor to prevent food passing into the nose
Allow air to pass through the nose for speech, sneezing and coughing
Close off oropharynx in gag reflex

33
Q

How do you test CNX/V3?

A

Ask the patient to say ‘aaah’

Uvula should stay in midline - pulled away from non-functioning side by normal

34
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx

A

CIRCULAR CONSTRICTOR MUSCLES

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal muscles

35
Q

Outline the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx

A

CNX

36
Q

List the intrinsic muscles in the pharynx

A

INNER LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salphingopharyngeus

37
Q

Outline the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx

A 
Stylopharyngeus = CNIX
Palatopharyngeus = CNX
Salphingopharyngeus = CNX
38
Q

What is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

A

Connect to the posterior border of the thyroid and elevate the pharynx and larynx

39
Q

Which structure appears as a pear-shaped recess in the pharynx?

A

Piriform fossa

40
Q

What is the clinical term for the openings of the nasal cavity in the pharynx?

A

Choana

41
Q

List the components of Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue and their location

A

Palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa
Pharyngeal tonsil ‘adenoid’ in nasopharynx roof
Tubal tonsils in eustachian tube opening
Lingual tonsil in posterior 1/3 of tongue
Palate associated lymphoid tissue

42
Q

What is the function of Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Defensive ring around pharynx and larynx opening

43
Q

Outline the regional lymph nodes that supply lymphatic drainage for the pharynx and larynx

A

Tip of tongue - submental nodes

Other - submandibular nodes

44
Q

Where do the regional lymph nodes for the pharynx and larynx drain into?

A

Deep cervical nodes in carotid sheath: retropharyngeal nodes and jugulodigastric nodes

45
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drains the palatine tonsil?

A

Jugulodigastric nodes

46
Q

A painful, soft, unfixed lymph node is suggestive of cancer. True/ False?

A

False
It is suggestive of illness
A hard, non-painful, fixed lymph node is suggestive of cancer

Y2 ENT Anatomy (8 decks)

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