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Y2 ENT Anatomy > Clinical Anatomy of Ear > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The temporal bone can be split into two parts. Name them.

A

Petrous part

Squamous part

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2
Q

State the name for the thinnest part of the skull

A

Pterion

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3
Q

List the bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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4
Q

List the bones that make up the middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid, temporal

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5
Q

List the bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Temporal, occipital

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6
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

CNI

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7
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the optic canal?

A

CNII

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8
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV, V, VI

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9
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the foramen rotundum?

A

CNV2

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10
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the foramen ovale?

A

CNV3

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11
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII, VIII

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12
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the jugular foramen?

A

CNIX, X, XI

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13
Q

Which CN(s) drain into the hypoglossal canal?

A

CNXII

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14
Q

List the parts of the external ear

A

Helix
Ear lobe
Tragus

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15
Q

What connects the auricle to the tympanic membrane?

A

External auditory meatus

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16
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collects and projects sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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17
Q

The middle ear is the ______ to _______

A

Tympanic membrane

Oval window

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18
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Amplifies and projects sound waves to the internal ear

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19
Q

The internal ear is the _____ to ______

A

Oval window

Internal acoustic meatus

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20
Q

What is the function of the internal ear?

A

Converts special sensory information into fluid waves, then to action potentials that are sent to the brain

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21
Q

Outline the sensory supply to the skin of the external ear

A

C2/3 spinal nerve = auricle
CNVII = tragus (small dots)
CNV3 = superior EAM and most of the tympanic membrane
CNX = inferior EAM and tympanic membrane

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22
Q

What is the lymph drainage for the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle?

A

Parotid lymph nodes

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23
Q

What is the lymph drainage for the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle?

A

Mastoid lymph nodes and deep cervical nodes

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24
Q

What is the lymph drainage for the rest of the auricle including the lobe?

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

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25
Q

The lymph nodes draining the auricle all drain into…

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath –> Thoracic venous angle (right lymphatic duct)

26
Q

What is the skeleton of the external ear composed of?

A

Temporal bone

Elastic cartilage

27
Q

What fraction of the EAM is composed of elastic cartilage?

A

1/3

28
Q

What fraction of the EAM is composed of petrous temporal bone?

A

2/3

29
Q

The ear canal produces _____ which drains into the _________

A

Ear wax

Ceruminous glands

30
Q

In what direction would you pull the auricle during ear exam of a child and adult respectively?

A

Posteroinferiorly

Posterosuperiorly

31
Q

List the structures making up the tympanic membrane

A

Pars flaccida (thinnest part of tympanic membrane, superior)
Umbo (inward depressed TM)
Cone of light (anteroinferiorly)
Pars tensa (thickest part of tympanic membrane, posteroinferiorly)

32
Q

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the external tympanic membrane?

A

Auriculotemporal branch of CNV3

33
Q

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the internal tympanic membrane?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies sensory supply to…

A

Middle ear
Eustachian tube
Naso and oropharynx
Tonsils

35
Q

List the three auditory ossicles contained within the middle ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

36
Q

The auditory ossicles connect via what type of joint?

A

Synovial joint

37
Q

What is the name for the space superior to the tympanic membrane?

A

Epitympanic recess

38
Q

What is the name for the space posterior to the tympanic membrane?

A

Tympanic cavity proper

39
Q

The eustachian tube connects what two structures? What is the consequence of this?

A

Middle ear to the nasopharynx

Bacteria/ viruses from pharynx/ tonsils can spread to the middle ear

40
Q

Why can tonsillitis/ pharyngitis mimic earache?

A

They have a common sensory nerve supply: CNIX

41
Q

What structure marks the opening of the Eustachian tube?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil ‘adenoid’

42
Q

Outline the nerve supply to the naso-,oro- and laryngopharynx respectively?

A

Naso- and oropharynx = CNIX

Laryngopharynx = CNX

43
Q

What is the aditus? What is the consequence of this?

A

Doorway from the epitympanic recess to the mastoid antrum

Mastoiditis (spread of infection from middle ear cavity)

44
Q

State the structures that form the two main bony prominences of the middle ear

A

Left promontory: Left SCC of internal ear

Right promontory: Medial wall of the cochlea

45
Q

What base of skull foramen does CNVII drain into?

A

IAM –> Facial canal –> Stylomastoid foramen

46
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNVII?

A

Pontomedullary junction

47
Q

Outline the intracranial course of CNVII

A

Chorda tympani supplies taste to the anterior 2/3s of the tongue and parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands
Motor innervation to stapedius

48
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

Reduces stapes movement to protect internal ear from excessive noise

49
Q

Outline the extracranial course of CNVII

A

Chorda tympani contributes to lingual branch of CNV3
Muscles of facial expression
PS axons to submandibular and sublingual glands

50
Q

List the muscles of facial expression

A

Elevators of lips
Frontalis
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi

51
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Bone

Superficial fascia

52
Q

What is the function of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Pull on skin when contracted

53
Q

How do you test the muscles of facial expression?

A

Ask the patient to frown, close eyes tightly, smile, puff out cheeks against resistance

54
Q

What is the clinical term for the line between the lips and skin proper?

A

Vermillion border

55
Q

A sunken buccal fat pad is a sign of…

A

Malnutrition

56
Q

Outline the innervation of the middle ear, be specific

A 
CNVIII
Cochlear nerve (hearing)
Vestibular nerve (balance)
57
Q

The labyrinths of the ear are found within…

A

Otic capsule

58
Q

The bony labyrinths themselves contain what type of fluid?

A

Perilymph

59
Q

What is located within the bony labryinth? What fluid can be found within this structure?

A

Membranous labyrinths of cochlea and SCC

Endolymph

60
Q

What imaging is used to view the internal ear?

A

MRI

61
Q

Outline the six stages of sound transmission to the internal ear

A
  1. Sound waves cause the TM to vibrate
  2. Waves pass to the ossicles
  3. Waves pass to the base of the stapes in the oval window
  4. Vibration of stapes forms pressure waves in perilymph
  5. Hair cells in cochlea move causing neurotransmitter release and APs firing to the brain via the cochlear nerve
  6. APs descend and produce vibrations that are dampened at the round window
62
Q

List symptoms associated with IAM pathology

A

DAMAGE TO CNVII
Ipsilateral reduced facial expression, taste and salvations, sense in auricle
DAMAGE TO CNVIII
Ipsilateral reduced hearing and balance

Y2 ENT Anatomy (8 decks)

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