clinical anatomy of the face Flashcards

1
Q

the cranium is divided into 2 parts, what are these?

A
  • neurocramium

- viscerocranium

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2
Q

what area does the neurocranium refer to?

A

bony covering of brain and meninges (upper and back apart of skull)

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3
Q

what is the roof of the neurocranium called?

A

calvaria

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4
Q

what is the floor of the neurocranium?

A

cranial base

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5
Q

the neurocranium contains 8 bones, what are these?

A
  • frontal (1)
  • sphenoid (1)
  • ethmoid (1)
  • occipital (1)
  • temporal (2)
  • parietal (2)
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6
Q

frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones are said to be pneumatised, what does this mean?

A

air in them for vocal resonance

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7
Q

viscerocranium refers to to what ?

A

facial skeleton

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8
Q

the viscerocranium contains 14 bones, what are these?

A
  • mandible (1)
  • vomer (1)
  • maxilla (2)
  • zygomatic (2)
  • inferior nasal concha (2)
  • ;lacrimal (2)
  • nasal (2)
  • palatine (2)
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9
Q

the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones join is known as what?

A

pterion

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10
Q

what does the calvarium refer to?

A

skull cap

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11
Q

what takes longer to develop, the calvarium or facial skeleton?

A

facial skeleton

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12
Q

which cranial nerve provides sensory innervations to the face?

A

trigeminal

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13
Q

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
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14
Q

name the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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15
Q

the master muscle runs from where to where?

A

zygomatic arch to mandible

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16
Q

the temporals muscle runs from where to where?

A

frontal parietal bones to coronoid process of mandible

17
Q

how would you test the integrity of the muscles of mastication?

A

randomly tap 6 areas of face, clench teeth

18
Q

how many muscles does the face contain?

19
Q

what are orifices?

A

holes of the face

20
Q

which cranial nerve supplies the facial muscles?

A

CN7 - facial nerve

21
Q

upper lip contains which types of muscles?

A

elevators, retractors and evertors

22
Q

the lower lip contains which types of muscles?

A

depressors, retractors and evertors

23
Q

which muscle surrounds the orifices of the mouth?

A

oribicularis oris

24
Q

which muscle is responsible for cleft lip?

A

oribicularis oris

25
what is the function of the buccinator?
maintain food in centre of mouth
26
how would you test the integrity of the the buccinator muscle?
puff cheeks
27
what is the same for the surgical removal of the parotid gland?
parotidectomy
28
what is facial reanimation?
facial graft, used to treat bells palsy
29
what is bells palsy?
facial paralysis of 1 side