clinical anatomy of the face

Question 1

the cranium is divided into 2 parts, what are these?

Answer 1

• neurocramium

- viscerocranium

Question 2

what area does the neurocranium refer to?

Answer 2

bony covering of brain and meninges (upper and back apart of skull)

Question 3

what is the roof of the neurocranium called?

Answer 3

calvaria

Question 4

what is the floor of the neurocranium?

Answer 4

cranial base

Question 5

the neurocranium contains 8 bones, what are these?

Answer 5

• frontal (1)
• sphenoid (1)
• ethmoid (1)
• occipital (1)
• temporal (2)
• parietal (2)

Question 6

frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones are said to be pneumatised, what does this mean?

Answer 6

air in them for vocal resonance

Question 7

viscerocranium refers to to what ?

Answer 7

facial skeleton

Question 8

the viscerocranium contains 14 bones, what are these?

Answer 8

• mandible (1)
• vomer (1)
• maxilla (2)
• zygomatic (2)
• inferior nasal concha (2)
• ;lacrimal (2)
• nasal (2)
• palatine (2)

Question 9

the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones join is known as what?

Answer 9

pterion

Question 10

what does the calvarium refer to?

Answer 10

skull cap

Question 11

what takes longer to develop, the calvarium or facial skeleton?

Answer 11

facial skeleton

Question 12

which cranial nerve provides sensory innervations to the face?

Answer 12

trigeminal

Question 13

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 13

• ophthalmic
• maxillary
• mandibular

Question 14

name the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

• masseter
• temporalis
• medial pterygoid
• lateral pterygoid

Question 15

the master muscle runs from where to where?

Answer 15

zygomatic arch to mandible

Question 16

the temporals muscle runs from where to where?

Answer 16

frontal parietal bones to coronoid process of mandible

Question 17

how would you test the integrity of the muscles of mastication?

Answer 17

randomly tap 6 areas of face, clench teeth

Question 18

how many muscles does the face contain?

Answer 18

43

Question 19

what are orifices?

Answer 19

holes of the face

Question 20

which cranial nerve supplies the facial muscles?

Answer 20

CN7 - facial nerve

Question 21

upper lip contains which types of muscles?

Answer 21

elevators, retractors and evertors

Question 22

the lower lip contains which types of muscles?

Answer 22

depressors, retractors and evertors

Question 23

which muscle surrounds the orifices of the mouth?

Answer 23

oribicularis oris

Question 24

which muscle is responsible for cleft lip?

Answer 24

oribicularis oris

Question 25

what is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 25

maintain food in centre of mouth

Question 26

how would you test the integrity of the the buccinator muscle?

Answer 26

puff cheeks

Question 27

what is the same for the surgical removal of the parotid gland?

Answer 27

parotidectomy

Question 28

what is facial reanimation?

Answer 28

facial graft, used to treat bells palsy

Question 29

what is bells palsy?

Answer 29

facial paralysis of 1 side