clinical anatomy of the face Flashcards
the cranium is divided into 2 parts, what are these?
- neurocramium
- viscerocranium
what area does the neurocranium refer to?
bony covering of brain and meninges (upper and back apart of skull)
what is the roof of the neurocranium called?
calvaria
what is the floor of the neurocranium?
cranial base
the neurocranium contains 8 bones, what are these?
- frontal (1)
- sphenoid (1)
- ethmoid (1)
- occipital (1)
- temporal (2)
- parietal (2)
frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones are said to be pneumatised, what does this mean?
air in them for vocal resonance
viscerocranium refers to to what ?
facial skeleton
the viscerocranium contains 14 bones, what are these?
- mandible (1)
- vomer (1)
- maxilla (2)
- zygomatic (2)
- inferior nasal concha (2)
- ;lacrimal (2)
- nasal (2)
- palatine (2)
the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones join is known as what?
pterion
what does the calvarium refer to?
skull cap
what takes longer to develop, the calvarium or facial skeleton?
facial skeleton
which cranial nerve provides sensory innervations to the face?
trigeminal
what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
name the 4 muscles of mastication?
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
the master muscle runs from where to where?
zygomatic arch to mandible
the temporals muscle runs from where to where?
frontal parietal bones to coronoid process of mandible
how would you test the integrity of the muscles of mastication?
randomly tap 6 areas of face, clench teeth
how many muscles does the face contain?
43
what are orifices?
holes of the face
which cranial nerve supplies the facial muscles?
CN7 - facial nerve
upper lip contains which types of muscles?
elevators, retractors and evertors
the lower lip contains which types of muscles?
depressors, retractors and evertors
which muscle surrounds the orifices of the mouth?
oribicularis oris
which muscle is responsible for cleft lip?
oribicularis oris
what is the function of the buccinator?
maintain food in centre of mouth
how would you test the integrity of the the buccinator muscle?
puff cheeks
what is the same for the surgical removal of the parotid gland?
parotidectomy
what is facial reanimation?
facial graft, used to treat bells palsy
what is bells palsy?
facial paralysis of 1 side
