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Spring Semester 2014 > Clinical Anatomy Head and Neck > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Oculosympathetic palsy

  1. Ptosis
  2. Miosis
  3. Anhidrosis (decreased sweating)
  4. Redness of conjunctiva
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2
Q

Muscles of facial expression develop from the __________________.

A

2nd pharyngeal arch mesoderm

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3
Q

Muscles of facial expression are innervated by _____.

A

CN VII

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4
Q

Muscles of mastication are innervated by ______.

A

V3

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5
Q

Buccinator is not a muscle of _____________ and is therefore innervated by _______.

A
  1. Mastication

2. CN VII

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6
Q

All of the muscles of the larynx are innervated by the __________________, except for the ________________, which is innervated by ___________________.

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal (CNX)
  2. Cricothyroid
  3. Superior laryngeal (external branch - CNX)
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7
Q

Sensation from the larynx is carried in which two nerves?

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal

2. Superior laryngeal nerve - Internal branch

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8
Q

All muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the ________, except for the ______________________ which is innervated by _______.

A
  1. Vagus
  2. Stylopharyngeus
  3. CN IX - glosopharyngeal
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9
Q

Most sensation of the pharynx are innervated by ______________.

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

All of the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by ______, except for the ______________________ which is innervated by _______.

A
  1. CN X
  2. Tensor veli palatini
  3. V3
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11
Q

Sensation from the palate is through which two nerves

A
  1. V2 and IX
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12
Q

General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from _____________, while the posterior 1/3 is from _____________.

A
  1. Lingual branch of V3

2. CN IX

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13
Q

Taste sensation on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from ______________, while the posterior 1/3 is _________ and the root of the tongue is from _______.

A
  1. VII Chorda tympani
  2. IX
  3. X
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14
Q

Motor to all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles is _____, except for _______________ which is supplied by ________.

A
  1. CN XII
  2. Palatoglossus
  3. CN X
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15
Q

Blink reflex: afferent limb is carried in _____ while the efferent limb is carried via _______ to the orbic

A
  1. V1 - Sensation - Ophthlamic

2. CN VII

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16
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle?

A
  1. CN III

2. Ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the parotid gland?

A
  1. CN IX

2. Otic ganglion

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18
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?

A
  1. CN VII

2. Pterygopalatine ganglion

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19
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A
  1. CN VII

2. Submandibular ganglion

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20
Q

What 4 things open into the middle meatus?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Maxillary sinus
  3. Anterior ethmoid cells
  4. Middle ethmoid cells
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21
Q

What opens into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoid cells

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22
Q

What opens into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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23
Q

What opens into the sphenoethmoid recess

A

Sphenoid sinus

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24
Q

What muscle helps you to open your jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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25
Q

What innervates tensor tympani?

A

V3

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26
Q

What innervates levator veli palatini?

A

Vagus

27
Q

What can block the torus tubaris?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

28
Q

What is a brachial cyst?

A

A remnant of the cervical sinus - formed by grooves 2-4

29
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Lateral pterygoid
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Temporalis
30
Q

What nerves are in the infratemporal fossa

A

V3: Buccal, AT, Inf. Alv, Lingual
Facial: Chorda tymp

31
Q

What derives from the 1st arch?

A
  1. CN V
  2. Maxillary, zygomatic, palatine, squamous temp, inf. chonca
  3. muscles of mastication, ant digastric, tensor palatini and tensor tymp
32
Q

What derives from the 2nd arch?

A
  1. Stapes, part of hyoid, and styloid
  2. Muscles of facial expression, post digastric, stapedius, stylohyoid
  3. CN VII
33
Q

What derives from the 3rd arch?

A
  1. Half of hyoid bone
  2. Stylopharyngeous
  3. CN IX
  4. Common and internal carotid
34
Q

What derives from the 4th arch?

A
  1. Laryngeal cartilage
  2. CN X - sup laryngeal
  3. Aorta and subclavian
35
Q

What derives from the 6th arch?

A
  1. Laryngeal cartilage
  2. CN X - inf. laryngeal
  3. Pulmonary arteries/ducts
36
Q

What comes from the pharyngeal pouches?

A

Epithelial linings

37
Q

The critical period for facial development is __________.

A

3-9 weeks

38
Q

Failure of ______________________ can result in cleft defects.

A

fusion between prominences

39
Q

What are first arch syndromes?

A
  1. Mandibulofacial dysostosis (treacher collins)
  2. Mandibular hypolasia
  3. Maxillary hypolasia (crouzans)
40
Q

Fibrous connective tissue is from the __________________

A

Neural crest mesenchyme

41
Q

What two signaling centers influence development of the face and associated structures?

A

Prosencephalic and rhombencephalic

42
Q

What structures are found in a pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles, bones, arteries, nerves and CT

43
Q

The mesenchyme is derived from what 2 structures?

A
  1. Neural crest

2. Head mesoderm

44
Q

What is the developmental fate of the pharyngeal grooves?

A

1st - external auditory meatus

2nd - temporary cervical sinus

45
Q

Where is the most likely place for a brachial cyst?

A

Lateral side of neck - ventral to anterior edge of SCM

46
Q

Lateral lingual and median lingual swellings merge to form _______________.

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue - Arch 1

47
Q

The hypopharyngeal eminence forms ________________.

A

Posterior 1/3 or root of tongue

48
Q

What is anklyoglossia?

A

“Tongue tie” - frenulum is short and broad

49
Q

What are the major building blocks of the face?

A
  1. Frontonasal prominence
  2. Pair of maxillary prominences
  3. Pair of mandibular prominences
50
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct form?

A

The nasolacrimal groove - where the maxillary prominence parallels the lateral nasal prominence

51
Q

What eliminates the communication between the blind nasal sac and the oral cavity?

A

Fusion of the medial nasal prominence and the maxillary prominence

52
Q

What is choanal atresia?

A

Failure of complete rupture of oral nasal membrane

53
Q

What is dacryostenosis?

A

Nasolacrimal duct primordia doesn’t develop lumen

54
Q

What structures are affected by the elongation of the first pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Tongue displaced inferiorly
  2. Eyes displaced ventrally
  3. Auricles displaced dorsally and superiorly
55
Q

What causes a lateral cleft lip

A

Failure of maxillary prominence and MNP to merge

56
Q

What causes a medial cleft lip?

A

Failure of MNP to merge

57
Q

What causes facial dysplasia?

A

1st and 2nd arch syndrome

58
Q

What develops from the merger of the medial nasal prominences to the intermaxillary segment?

A

The primary palate

59
Q

Where is the fusion point between the 1˚ and 2˚ palates located?

A

Incisive foramen

60
Q

Elevation of palatal processes to the horizontal position is caused by an intrinsic shelf elevating force that is generated by ___________________.

A
  1. Hydration of hyaluronic acid surrounding the mesenchymal cells
61
Q

What do the salivary glands originate from?

A

Oral ectoderm?

62
Q

The ________ is the most common site for aberrant thyroid tissue.

A

Tongue

63
Q

What 3 things make up the uvea?

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris

Spring Semester 2014 (6 decks)

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