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Spring Semester 2014 > Clinical Anatomy Head and Neck > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Oculosympathetic palsy

  1. Ptosis
  2. Miosis
  3. Anhidrosis (decreased sweating)
  4. Redness of conjunctiva
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2
Q

Muscles of facial expression develop from the __________________.

A

2nd pharyngeal arch mesoderm

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3
Q

Muscles of facial expression are innervated by _____.

A

CN VII

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4
Q

Muscles of mastication are innervated by ______.

A

V3

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5
Q

Buccinator is not a muscle of _____________ and is therefore innervated by _______.

A
  1. Mastication

2. CN VII

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6
Q

All of the muscles of the larynx are innervated by the __________________, except for the ________________, which is innervated by ___________________.

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal (CNX)
  2. Cricothyroid
  3. Superior laryngeal (external branch - CNX)
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7
Q

Sensation from the larynx is carried in which two nerves?

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal

2. Superior laryngeal nerve - Internal branch

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8
Q

All muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the ________, except for the ______________________ which is innervated by _______.

A
  1. Vagus
  2. Stylopharyngeus
  3. CN IX - glosopharyngeal
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9
Q

Most sensation of the pharynx are innervated by ______________.

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

All of the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by ______, except for the ______________________ which is innervated by _______.

A
  1. CN X
  2. Tensor veli palatini
  3. V3
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11
Q

Sensation from the palate is through which two nerves

A
  1. V2 and IX
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12
Q

General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from _____________, while the posterior 1/3 is from _____________.

A
  1. Lingual branch of V3

2. CN IX

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13
Q

Taste sensation on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from ______________, while the posterior 1/3 is _________ and the root of the tongue is from _______.

A
  1. VII Chorda tympani
  2. IX
  3. X
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14
Q

Motor to all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles is _____, except for _______________ which is supplied by ________.

A
  1. CN XII
  2. Palatoglossus
  3. CN X
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15
Q

Blink reflex: afferent limb is carried in _____ while the efferent limb is carried via _______ to the orbic

A
  1. V1 - Sensation - Ophthlamic

2. CN VII

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16
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle?

A
  1. CN III

2. Ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the parotid gland?

A
  1. CN IX

2. Otic ganglion

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18
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?

A
  1. CN VII

2. Pterygopalatine ganglion

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19
Q

Which PS preganglionic nerve and ganglion are responsible for innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A
  1. CN VII

2. Submandibular ganglion

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20
Q

What 4 things open into the middle meatus?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Maxillary sinus
  3. Anterior ethmoid cells
  4. Middle ethmoid cells
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21
Q

What opens into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoid cells

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22
Q

What opens into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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23
Q

What opens into the sphenoethmoid recess

A

Sphenoid sinus

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24
Q

What muscle helps you to open your jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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25
What innervates tensor tympani?
V3
26
What innervates levator veli palatini?
Vagus
27
What can block the torus tubaris?
Pharyngeal tonsils
28
What is a brachial cyst?
A remnant of the cervical sinus - formed by grooves 2-4
29
What are the muscles of mastication?
1. Masseter 2. Lateral pterygoid 3. Medial pterygoid 4. Temporalis
30
What nerves are in the infratemporal fossa
V3: Buccal, AT, Inf. Alv, Lingual Facial: Chorda tymp
31
What derives from the 1st arch?
1. CN V 2. Maxillary, zygomatic, palatine, squamous temp, inf. chonca 3. muscles of mastication, ant digastric, tensor palatini and tensor tymp
32
What derives from the 2nd arch?
1. Stapes, part of hyoid, and styloid 2. Muscles of facial expression, post digastric, stapedius, stylohyoid 3. CN VII
33
What derives from the 3rd arch?
1. Half of hyoid bone 2. Stylopharyngeous 3. CN IX 4. Common and internal carotid
34
What derives from the 4th arch?
1. Laryngeal cartilage 2. CN X - sup laryngeal 3. Aorta and subclavian
35
What derives from the 6th arch?
1. Laryngeal cartilage 2. CN X - inf. laryngeal 3. Pulmonary arteries/ducts
36
What comes from the pharyngeal pouches?
Epithelial linings
37
The critical period for facial development is __________.
3-9 weeks
38
Failure of ______________________ can result in cleft defects.
fusion between prominences
39
What are first arch syndromes?
1. Mandibulofacial dysostosis (treacher collins) 2. Mandibular hypolasia 3. Maxillary hypolasia (crouzans)
40
Fibrous connective tissue is from the __________________
Neural crest mesenchyme
41
What two signaling centers influence development of the face and associated structures?
Prosencephalic and rhombencephalic
42
What structures are found in a pharyngeal arch?
Muscles, bones, arteries, nerves and CT
43
The mesenchyme is derived from what 2 structures?
1. Neural crest | 2. Head mesoderm
44
What is the developmental fate of the pharyngeal grooves?
1st - external auditory meatus | 2nd - temporary cervical sinus
45
Where is the most likely place for a brachial cyst?
Lateral side of neck - ventral to anterior edge of SCM
46
Lateral lingual and median lingual swellings merge to form _______________.
Anterior 2/3 of tongue - Arch 1
47
The hypopharyngeal eminence forms ________________.
Posterior 1/3 or root of tongue
48
What is anklyoglossia?
"Tongue tie" - frenulum is short and broad
49
What are the major building blocks of the face?
1. Frontonasal prominence 2. Pair of maxillary prominences 3. Pair of mandibular prominences
50
Where does the nasolacrimal duct form?
The nasolacrimal groove - where the maxillary prominence parallels the lateral nasal prominence
51
What eliminates the communication between the blind nasal sac and the oral cavity?
Fusion of the medial nasal prominence and the maxillary prominence
52
What is choanal atresia?
Failure of complete rupture of oral nasal membrane
53
What is dacryostenosis?
Nasolacrimal duct primordia doesn't develop lumen
54
What structures are affected by the elongation of the first pharyngeal arch?
1. Tongue displaced inferiorly 2. Eyes displaced ventrally 3. Auricles displaced dorsally and superiorly
55
What causes a lateral cleft lip
Failure of maxillary prominence and MNP to merge
56
What causes a medial cleft lip?
Failure of MNP to merge
57
What causes facial dysplasia?
1st and 2nd arch syndrome
58
What develops from the merger of the medial nasal prominences to the intermaxillary segment?
The primary palate
59
Where is the fusion point between the 1˚ and 2˚ palates located?
Incisive foramen
60
Elevation of palatal processes to the horizontal position is caused by an intrinsic shelf elevating force that is generated by ___________________.
1. Hydration of hyaluronic acid surrounding the mesenchymal cells
61
What do the salivary glands originate from?
Oral ectoderm?
62
The ________ is the most common site for aberrant thyroid tissue.
Tongue
63
What 3 things make up the uvea?
1. Choroid 2. Ciliary body 3. Iris

Spring Semester 2014 (6 decks)

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