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MLS LEC > Clinical Analysis Test and Procedures > Flashcards

Clinical Analysis Test and Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

blood and blood-forming tissues

A

Hematology

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2
Q

hemoglobin level and red cell count

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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3
Q

values that rule out anemia

A

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

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4
Q

erythropoietic activity

A

Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count

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5
Q

leukocyte response

A

White Blood Cell (WBC) Count

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6
Q

chemotherapy and radiation conditions

A

Platelet Count

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7
Q

changes in the appearance or quantity of specific cell types

A

Differential White Blood Cell Count

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8
Q

show the changes in RBC size, weight, and Hgb content

A

Indices

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9
Q

weight of the hemoglobin in the cell

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

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10
Q

size of the cell

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

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11
Q

concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of RBCs

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

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12
Q

size differences of the RBCs

A

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

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13
Q

ability of blood to form and dissolve clots

A

Coagulation

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14
Q

adequacy of heparin therapy

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

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15
Q

thrombin and plasmin activity

A

D-dimer

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16
Q

amount of fibrin degradation products (FDPs) in the blood

A

Fibrin Split Products (FSP)

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17
Q

fibrinogen levels in the blood

A

Fibrinogen Test

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18
Q

liver diseases or deficiency in Vitamin K

A

Prothrombin Time (PT) or International Normalized Ratio (INR)

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19
Q

amounts of certain chemicals in a blood sample

A

Chemistry

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20
Q

liver damage

A

Alanine Aminotransferase Test (ALT)

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21
Q

alpha-fetoprotein levels in pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

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22
Q

amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in the bloodstream

A

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Test

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23
Q

measures the level that could indicate cirrhosis and hepatitis

A

Ammonia

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24
Q

checks the enzyme level that could indicate liver disease, cholesystitis, etc

A

Amylase

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25
Q

levels of aspartate aminotansferase enzyme that may indicate liver damage

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase Test (AST)

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26
Q

amount of bilirubin levels in the bloodstream that could indicate red blood destruction

A

Bilirubin Test

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27
Q

acid-base balance by measuring the pH, partial pressure of the carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)

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28
Q

amount of urea nitrogen found in blood, which could determine impaired renal function.

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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29
Q

levels of BNP hormone in the blood which could indicate congestive heart failure

A

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Test

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30
Q

level of CRP

A

C-reactive Protein High Sensitivity (hs-CRP)

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31
Q

CEA protein levels in the blood that may help diagnose and manage certain types of cancers

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Test

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32
Q

total amount of calcium in the blood, which could help determine or monitor the effects of renal failure

A

Blood Calcium

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33
Q

indicates risk of cardiovascular diseases

A

Total Cholesterol

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34
Q

shows adrenal hypofunction and hyperfunction

A

Cortisol

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35
Q

used to check muscle damage

A

Creatine Kinase (CK)

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36
Q

checks for cases that indicate renal impairment or muscular dystrophy

A

Creatinine

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37
Q

monitors therapeutic range to avoid toxic levels for drugs

A

Drug Analysis

38
Q

show the sodium values that determine disorder of the kidney and adrenals

A

Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2 )

39
Q

used to check diabetes, liver disease, or malnutrition

40
Q

used for diagnosis of liver, specifically hepatobiliary problems

A

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

41
Q

determines glycosylated hemoglobin level

A

Hemoglobin A1C

42
Q

checks lung, kidney, and liver dysfunction

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

43
Q

shows the level that could lead to either pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma

44
Q

test that screens patients for the presence of prostate cancer

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

45
Q

used to check liver and kidney disorders

A

Total Protein

46
Q

serve as index in the evaluation of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism disorder

A

Triglycerides

47
Q

used for early diagnosis of small myocardial infarcts

A

Troponin I

48
Q

used to check levels that indicate gout and renal problems

A

Uric Acid Test

49
Q

used to check for anemia and diseases of the small intestine

A

Vitamin B12 and Folate Tests

50
Q

serum and autoimmune reactions in the blood

A

Serology / Immunology

51
Q

shows autoimmune disorders such as systematic lupus erythematosus

A

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

52
Q

indicates streptococcal infection

A

Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) Titer

53
Q

checks cases of atypical pneumonia

A

Cold Agglutinins

54
Q

shows the presence of antibodies to specific organisms

A

Febrile Agglutination Test

55
Q

confirms syphilis

56
Q

when positive, it is indicative of syphilis but it still needs confirmation

A

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)

57
Q

indicates rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

58
Q

screens human immunodeficiency virus

59
Q

a confirmatory test for CMV antibody

A

Cytomegalovirus Antibody (CMV)

60
Q

checks for the presence of heterophil antibody, which indicates infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

61
Q

checks for the presence of hepatitis antigen on the surface of the red cells

A

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBSAg)

62
Q

indicates inflammation when levels are increased

A

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

63
Q

the hormone is present when patient is pregnant

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Test

64
Q

tests urine specimen

A

Urinalysis

65
Q

indicates the presence of blood melanin, bilirubin, or urobilin in the urine specimen

66
Q

shows the presence of fat, chyle, or bacteria which affect the turbidity

A

Clarity / Transparency

67
Q

suggests renal tubular involvement or ADH deficiency

A

Specific Gravity

68
Q

hematuria could be due to hemorrhage, infection, or trauma

69
Q

helps differentiate between obstructive jaundice and hemolytic jaundice

70
Q

glucosuria may be a result of diabetes mellitus, renal impairments

71
Q

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or starvation

72
Q

indicates urinary tract infection if there is a lot of neutrophils

73
Q

indicates acid-base balance

74
Q

proteinuria s an indicator of renal dysfunction or disorder

75
Q

positive results could mean bacterial infection

76
Q

increases in amount when the patient suffers from hepatitic issues

A

Urobilinogen

77
Q

shows the status of the urinary tract, hematuria, pyuria, etc.

A

Microscopic Evaluation

78
Q

microorganisms in body fluids or tissues

A

Microbiology

79
Q

used to monitor the treatment for TB

A

Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB)

80
Q

checks for the presence of bacteria indicative of bacteremia or septicemia

A

Blood Culture

81
Q

shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori

A

Campylobacter-like Organism (CLO) Test

82
Q

indicates infection if there is growth in the pathogenic microorganism

A

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

83
Q

used to determine the type of fungi if present

A

Fungus Culture and Identification

84
Q

it is done to allow antimicrobial therapy while waiting for culture results

A

Grams Stain

85
Q

checks for blood in the stool which could result from gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Occult Blood

86
Q

solves ?etiology unknown? intestinal disorders

A

Ova and Parasites (O&P) Exam

87
Q

blood for transfusion

A

Blood bank / Immunohematology

88
Q

agglutination means presence of abnormal antibodies in the blood

A

Antibody (Ab) Screen

89
Q

determines transfusion compatibility

A

Direct Antihuman-globulin Test (DAT)

90
Q

shows the ABO and Rh blood groups

A

ABO and Rh Type

91
Q

shows the blood group and screens for antibodies in the recipient’s blood

A

Type and Crossmatch

92
Q

detects antibodies and antigen in both recipient’s and donor’s blood

A

Compatibility Testing

MLS LEC (3 decks)

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