Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
responsible for transporting throughout the body oxygenated blood from the heart and lungs
A
Circulatory System
2
Q
delivers oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the body
A
Circulatory System
3
Q
transports carbon dioxide and other wastes to the organs of the body away from the cells
A
Circulatory System
4
Q
2 Components of the Circulatory System
A
Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System
5
Q
system that is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood which helps in the circulation
A
Cardiovascular System
6
Q
system made up of the lymph, lymph nodes, and vessels
A
Lymphatic System
7
Q
hollow muscular organ
A
Heart
8
Q
how many chambers does the heart have
A
4
9
Q
What are the four chambers?
A
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
10
Q
what do you call the thin, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart
A
Pericardium
11
Q
same size as that of a person’s clenched fist.
A
Heart
12
Q
The heart is the same size as what?
A
Fist
13
Q
thin, watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart
A
Epicardium
14
Q
covers the heart and is attached to the pericardium
A
Epicardium
15
Q
thick layer of cardiac muscles in the middle layer of the heart
A
Myocardium
16
Q
pumps blood into the arteries by contracting
A
Myocardium
17
Q
thin layer of epithelial cells in the inner layer of the heart
A
Endocardium
18
Q
lines the valves and interior chambers
A
Endocardium
19
Q
upper right chamber
A
Right Atrium
20
Q
receives deoxygenated blood from the body
A
Right Atrium
21
Q
lower right chamber
A
Right Ventricle
22
Q
receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery
A
Right Ventricle
23
Q
upper left chamber
A
Left Atrium
24
Q
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle
A
Left Atrium
25
lower left chamber
Left Ventricle
26
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
Left Ventricle
27
tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Right AV Valve / Tricuspid Valve
28
closes as the right ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the right atrium
Right AV Valve / Tricuspid Valve
29
bicuspid or mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Left AV Valve / Bicuspid Valve
30
closes as the left ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the left atrium
Left AV Valve / Bicuspid Valve
31
pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery
Right semilunar valve / Pulmonary Valve
32
closes when the right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right ventricle
Right semilunar valve / Pulmonary Valve
33
aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta
Left semilunar valve / Aortic Valve
34
closes when the left ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle
Left semilunar valve / Aortic Valve
35
partition that separates the right from the left atria
Interatrial Septum
36
separates the right and the left ventricles
Interventicular Septum
37
it receives blood supply through the left and right coronary arteries
Heart
38
The heart receives blood supply through the?
Coronary Arteries
39
They return the oxygen-depleted blood from the heart muscle back to the heart.
Coronary Veins
40
supplies the blood as well as provides drainage to the tissues.
Coronary Circulation
41
Poor circulation could lead to ____ which is caused by inadequate supply of oxygen
Ischemia
42
complete obstruction of the coronary artery.
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack
43
Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) which lasts about 0.8 seconds
Cardiac Cycle
44
The contraction
Systole
45
The relaxation
Diastole
46
how many seconds does systole and diastole lasts?
0.08 seconds
47
Sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is initiated by the sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)
Electrical Conduction System
48
Who initiates the electric impulses throughout the myocardium
Sinoatrial (SA) node
49
Provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle's activity
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
50
"Lubb" which is the first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close and "dupp" or the second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax.
Origin of the Heart Sounds
51
first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close
Lubb
52
second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax.
Dupp
53
The average heart rate is 72 beats per minute (bpm)
Heart Rate
54
refers to the volume of blood pumped per minute
Cardiac Output
55
Average heart rate
72 bpm
56
A rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery
Pulse
57
The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel measured by the sphygmomanometer; the difference between the systolic (pressure during contraction) and diastolic (pressure during relaxation)
Blood Pressure
58
Tool to measure Blood Pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
59
chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart
Angina pectoris
60
a murmuring sound produced when the aortic leaflets fail to fully open during systole
Aortic stenosis
61
an infection that happens when a bacteria enters and resides in the heart lining or blood vessel
Bacterial endocarditis
62
a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of the heart muscles
Congestive heart failure
63
known as heart attack, it is caused by a decrease or full stoppage of blood flow that damages the heart muscle
Myocardial infarction
64
inflammation of the pericardial sac that may be due to viral infection
Pericarditis
65
loop consisting of a network of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of the body
Vascular System
66
2 Divisions of the Vascular System
Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation
67
moves the blood between the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
68
moves the oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
Systemic Circulation
69
thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Arteries
70
small-diameter blood vessels that branch out from the arteries and lead to the capillaries
Arterioles
71
tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart
Veins
72
very small veins that collect blood from the capillaries
Venules
73
fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and veins
Capillaries
74
How many layers does the blood vessel have?
3
75
The 3 layers of the blood vessel
Tunica adventitia, Tunica media, Tunica intima
76
Layer of the blood vessel which is the outer connective tissue
Tunica adventitia
77
Layer of the blood vessel which is the middle, muscle and elastic fiber
Tunica media
78
Layer of the blood vessel which is the inner, endothelial cell
Tunica intima
79
The structures of the Vascular System
Arteries, Arterioles, Veins, Venules, Cappillaries
80
space inside the blood vessel where the blood flows.
Lumen
81
found in the veins, these are thin membranous leaflets that prevent the backflow of blood.
Valves
82
3 Blood Vessel Structure
Layers, Lumen, Valves
83
enlargement of the artery due to the weakening of the artery wall
Aneursym
84
hardening of the artery wall due to aging
Arteriosclerosis
85
formation of plaques in the inner walls
Atherosclerosis
86
clot or bubble that causes obstruction of an artery
Embolism
87
obstruction that is carried and lodged in a vessel
Embolus
88
swollen veins in the area of the anus
Hemorrhoids
89
inflammation of the veins particularly the wall
Phlebitis
90
swelling of the veins of the legs that usually occurs during pregnancy
Thrombophlebitis
91
blood clot that impedes blood flow
Thrombus
92
usually found in the legs, these are veins that have been twisted and enlarged
Varicose veins
93
red fluid that is transported throughout the body
Blood
94
2 Types of Blood
Arterial Blood and Venous Blood
95
Blood that carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
Arterial Blood
96
carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products are carried to the lungs and kidneys
Venous Blood
97
is a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood which is 90% water
Plasma
98
How many percent of water does plasma have?
90%
99
How many types of cells are there in the human blood?
3
100
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes (Platelets)
101
carry O, and CO, and are produced in the bone marrow.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
102
formed in the marrow and the lymphatic tissue. They neutralize pathogens. The two types are granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
103
pieces of very large cells in the bone marrow that help form blood clots.
Thrombocytes (platelets)
104
inherited and determined by the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.
Human Blood Type
105
a system of classifying human blood by the presence of antigens A and B
ABO Blood Group System
106
In a whole blood specimen how many percents is the Plasma?
55%
107
In a whole blood specimen how many percents is the Buffy Coat?
<1%
108
In a whole blood specimen how many percents is the RBC?
45%
109
What is the Buffy Coat made out of?
WBC and Platelets
110
necessary to determine the compatibility of the donor's blood with the recipient's blood
Cross-matching
111
What are the 3 blood specimens collected for testing?
Serum, Plasma, Whole Blood
112
is the fluid part of the blood that is left after clotting because it does not have fibrinogen.
Serum
113
fluid portion that is separated by centrifugation from the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It has fibrinogen and could be collected using an anticoagulant tube.
Plasma
114
same as blood in the bloodstream and it should neither clot nor separate.
Whole Blood
115
caused by not having enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin
Anemia
116
cancer of the blood; the formation of abnormal tissues or cells in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system
Leukemia
117
shown by high number of leukocytes
Urinary tract infection
118
increased number of white blood cells in the blood due to illness or infection
Leukocytosis
119
reduced number of white cells in the blood
Leukopenia
120
the marrow produces too many red blood cells resulting in the thickening of blood
Polycythemia
121
the body produces too many platelets (thrombocytes) which affect the blood clotting
Thrombocytosis
122
characterized by low platelet count
Thrombocytopenia
123
Average platelet count?
140-150
124
is a network of tissues and organs responsible for the removal of toxins and waste in the human body.
Lymphatic System
125
composed of fluids or lymph
Lymphatic System
126
How many percent of water does the lymphatic system made of?
95%
127
The lymph is transported throughout the system through the lymphatic vessels, ducts, and masses of lymph tissue called
Nodes
128
is an excess tissue fluid that filters through the lymphatic capillaries.
Lymph
129
inflammation of lymphatic channels resulting from an infection at a site distal to the channel
Lymphangitis
130
refers to the inflammation of the lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis
131
also called adenopathy, a disease in which there is abnormality in the size or number of lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
132
enlargement of the spleen
Splenomegaly
133
cancer that affects the immune system and is characterized by enlarged lymph nodes
Hodgkin's disease
134
a type of cancer that develops from lymphocytes
Lymphosarcoma
135
cancer of the lymphatic system that begins in the lymphocytes
Lymphoma
136
is the stoppage of bleeding as a response to an injury
Hemostasis
137
the vessel walls are constricted after an injury, which results in reduced flow of blood in the site of injury
Vasoconstriction
138
platelets stick together
Formation of the primary platelet plug
139
is the process in which the blood changes from a liquid state into a gel that forms the blood clot.
Coagulation or Clotting
140
Three types of of Coagulation
Enzyme Precursors, Cofactors, Substrates
141
A type of coagulation that turn into enzymes when activated
Enyzme Precursors
142
A type of coagulation that accelerate enzymatic reactions
Cofactors
143
A type of coagulation that are the substances that are acted on and changed by the enzymes.
Substrates
144
Activated by External Trauma
Extrinsic Pathway
145
Produces Thrombin
Intrinsic Pathway
146
an enzyme that plays an important role in coagulation.
Thrombin
147
is the process in which the fibrin is dissolved
Fibrinolysis
148
Its role in hemostasis is to synthesize coagulation factors such as V, VIII, prothrombin, and fibrinogen.
Liver
149
happens when blood clot forms in one or more deep veins, usually in the legs.
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
150
occurs when the formation of small clots blocks the small blood vessels
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
151
a disorder involving the lack of sufficient blood- clotting proteins.
Hemophilia (Royal Blood Disease)
152
is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.
Thrombocytopenia
153
is the triangular area on the anterior of the elbow, which is a site of major veins.
Antecubital Fossa
154
Other term for Antecubital Fossa
Elbow Pit
155
first choice for routine venipuncture
Antecubital Fossa
156
refer to a vein arrangement that occurs in about 70% of the population.
H-shaped antecubital veins
157
preferred venipuncture site. It is the easiest to access and least painful for the patient.
Median Cubital Vein
158
the second choice for venipuncture. It is harder to palpate but is usually better when drawing blood from an obese patient.
Cephalic Vein
159
last choice-vein for venipuncture as it is not well anchored and punctures on this vein are more painful.
Basilic Vein
160
are the intermediate antebrachial veins, which include the median, median cephalic, and median basilic veins.
M-shaped antecubital veins
161
first-choice vein; safest and less painful
Median Vein
162
second choice for venipuncture; less likely to roll
Intermediate Cephalic Vein
163
last choice vein because it is more painful
Intermediate Basilic Vein
164
never used as a venipuncture site.
Underside of the wrist
165
Must not be used in venipuncture without the permission of a physician due to complications
Leg, ankle, foot veins
166
Not used for routine blood collection and is limited to collection of arterial blood gas
Arteries
