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Ocular Pharmacology > Clinical Administration Of Ocular Therapeutic Medications > Flashcards

Clinical Administration Of Ocular Therapeutic Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Agonist

A

Acts directly on receptor

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2
Q

Antagonist

A

Binds to receptor and inhibits agonist

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3
Q

Normal tear film volume, including fluid trapped in conjunctival folds

A

8-10 uL

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4
Q

Tear film volume that can be held after given a drop if lids are not squeezed and cul-de-sac is utilized

A

30 uL

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5
Q

Typical ophthalmic drop volume

A

50 uL

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6
Q

Three different fates of excess drop fluid

A

Drain through nasolacrimal duct

Absorbed through nasal mucosa or swallowed

Rolls to cheek

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7
Q

20 drops =

A

= 1mL

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8
Q

Techniques to Maximize Effect of Each Drop

A

Fraunfelder pouch

Looking down

Punctal occlusion

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9
Q

Hurdles in drop administration (dilution)

A

Tears

Aqueous humor -> trabecular meshwork

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10
Q

Corneal epithelium penetration

A

Lipophilic drugs

Resists hydrophilic drugs

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11
Q

Fluorescein is a __________ drug.

A

Hydrophilic

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12
Q

Corneal stroma penetration

A

Hydrophilic drugs

Resists lipophilic drugs

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13
Q

To penetrate the cornea, there needs to be:

A

A balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic properties

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14
Q

Pro-drug

A

Inactive compound is activated in thebody to active compound
(biotransformation)

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15
Q

Getting the maximum effect from each drop equals the maximum therapeutic effect.

A

FALSE

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16
Q

Ways to get max therapeutic effect

A

-increased drug concentration
~higher concentration; fortified Abx

  • more frequent dose
  • loading dose

-residence time
~thicker drop; punctual occlusion

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17
Q

The increased dose frequency is typically

A

QID

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18
Q

Corneal ulcer treatment

A

Ciloxan ophth soln q15min

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19
Q

What is punctual plug material?

A

Collagen

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20
Q

For children, where is the drop instilled in closed eyes?

A

Nasal canthus

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21
Q

Green

A

Miotic

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22
Q

Red

A

Mydriatic/ cycloplegic

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23
Q

Brown

A

Antibiotic

24
Q

Grey

A

NSAID

25
Q

Yellow

A

0.5% beta blocker

26
Q

Blue

A

0.25% beta blocker

27
Q

Purple

A

Alpha agonist

28
Q

Teal/clear

A

Prostaglandin analogue

29
Q

Orange

A

CAI

30
Q

Characteristics of a solution

A
  • solid in a liquid
  • always transparent
  • small particles
  • fully dissolve
  • homogenous
  • permanent, does not settle out
  • NO SHAKING
  • Tobramycin
31
Q

Characteristics of a suspension

A
  • solid in a liquid
  • cloudy mixture of two or more substances that settle in standing
  • large particles
  • do not dissolve
  • temporary
  • SHAKE
  • Prednisolone acetate
32
Q

Characteristics of a colloid

A
  • liquid in a liquid
  • hybrid between a solution and a suspension
  • will not separate out
  • NO SHAKING
  • Durezol
33
Q

Where are ophthalmic ointments applied?

A

Inferior lid; lid margin

34
Q

The therapeutic level reached by an ointment is the same as that reached by a drop.

A

False. It’s less.

35
Q

Ointment disadvantages

A

Blurred vision for 5 minutes
Same therapeutic levels as drops not reached
Limited number of concentrations available
Use in tx with ophth soln
Contact dermatitis

36
Q

Don’t use ointments when:

A
  • full thickness corneal laceration
  • with some topical meds
  • some corneal ulcers
37
Q

Ophthalmic gels

A

Ointment/ drop hybrid

38
Q

Which type of ophthalmic agent has a timed-release effect?

A

Gels

39
Q

When are ophth gels usually applied?

A

QHS

40
Q

Types of lid scrubs

A

Detergents
Prepared pads and solutions
Antibiotic ointment

41
Q

Treatment of MGD

A

Heat and hot soaks

Anti inflammatory tx

  • doxy
  • omega 3
42
Q

What is Ocusert?

A

A Pilocarpine-soaked chunk between 2 polymer membranes

-replaced every 7 days

43
Q

How does Lacrisert work?

A

It’s a slow-release artificial tear that is applied to the inferior sac and melts throughout the day

44
Q

What is a Morgan lens?

A

A continuous irrigation system from a saline bag that flushes out eye quickly

45
Q

Mechanism of action

A

How a drug interacts with a receptor in the bodyto moderate the rate at which an action takes place.

46
Q

What is the most common injection?

A

Subconjunctival

47
Q

Conditions that may require subconj injections

A

Severe keratitis
Corneal ulcer
Bacterial endophthalmitis

48
Q

Conditions that require an anterior sub-Tenon’s injection

A

Pars planitis

Intermediate uveitis

49
Q

Conditions that require a retrobulbar injection

A

Application of: anesthetics, corticosteroids, alcohol

50
Q

Possible contraindication of adrenergic drugs

A

Cardiovascular drugs

51
Q

Things to consider when prescribing meds to diabetic patients

A

Slow detox -> linger drug activity
Corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia
Difficulty in dilation

52
Q

Stevens-Johnson disease associated with

A

Sulfacetamides

53
Q

Pediatric cycloplegic spray contents

A
  • 3.75 ml of 2.0% Cyclopentolate
  • 3.75 ml of 10% Phenylephrine
  • 7.5 ml of 1.0% Tropicamide
54
Q

Pediatric cycloplegic spray yields

A

15 mL of:

  • 0.5% Cyclopentolate
  • 2.5% Phenylephrine
  • 0.5% Tropicamide
55
Q

One spray of pediatric cycloplegic spray =

A

= 105uL or 2 drops

Ocular Pharmacology (2 decks)

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