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clinical Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

acne vulgaris symptoms and signs

A 
Open and closed comedones
inflammation
papules
pustules
nodules
cysts 
pseudocysts
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2
Q

acne vulgaris treatment

A 
Topical retinoids
benzoyl peroxide 
topical antibiotics
azelaic acid
antibiotics tablets
combined oral contraception
Isotretinoin tablet
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3
Q

acne fulminans symptoms and signs

A 
Cystic acne 
nodular 
suppurative 
systemic
fever
arthralgia
myalgia
hepatosplenomegaly
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4
Q

Rosacea symptoms and signs

A 
Polymorphic
facial centrally
vascular changes
episodic flushing
erythema, burning
pustules
oedema, fibrosis, glandular hyperplasia 
recurrent blush
telangiectasia
deeper red colour, deep cystic nodules 
papules 
ocular dryness, tearing, pain, chalazia and corneal damage
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5
Q

rosacea treatment

A 
Avoid irritants
metronidazole 
azelaic acid cream
ivermectin cream
tetracyclines
surgery for rhinophymas
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6
Q

erythroderma signs

A

> 90-95% skin inflamed

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7
Q

erythroderma treatment

A 
Fluid balance
nutrition
temperature regulation
emollients
oral and eye care
treat infection
manage itch
remove offending drugs
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8
Q

SJS symptoms and signs

A

Fever, malaise, arthralgia, rash, blisters, maculopapular, erosions, mouth ulceration, haemorrhagic crusting

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9
Q

SJS treatment

A

Stop culprit drug and supportive therapy

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10
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis symptoms and signs

A

Prodromal febrile illness, ulceration of mucous membranes, rash blistering, then confluent with desquamation. + nikolsky sign

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11
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis and SJS complication

A 
Pigmentation changes 
eye disease
blindness
nail and hair loss
joint contractures
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12
Q

erythema multiforme symptoms and signs

A

Distal to proximal stating in palms and soles

pink blistering macules

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13
Q

erythema multiforme treatment

A

Self-limiting, treat symptoms and underlying cause.

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14
Q

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms - symptoms and signs

A

Eosinophilia
deranged liver function
fever
rash

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15
Q

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms - treatment

A

Stop drug
symptomatic support
systemic steroids
use of immunosuppression

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16
Q

pemphigus symptoms and signs

A 
Flaccid blisters
face, axillae, groin
\+ nikolsky sign 
mucousal erosion
erosive stomatitis
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17
Q

pemphigus treatment

A

Systemic steroids, dress erosions, supportive therapy

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18
Q

pemphigoid symptoms and signs

A

Intact epidermis forms roof of blister

intact and tense

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19
Q

pemphigoid treatment

A

Topical steroids, may require systemic if diffuse

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20
Q

erythrodermic psoriasis and pustular psoriasis symptoms and signs

A

Rapid generalised erythema with clusters of pustules
fever, elevated WCC
red man syndrome

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21
Q

erythrodermic psoriasis and pustular psoriasis treatment

A

Avoid steroids, initiate systemic therapy.
thick greasy emollients
bloods
fluid balance

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22
Q

eczema herperticum symptoms and signs

A

Monomorphic blisters punched out erosions, painful. Fever and lethargy

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23
Q

eczema herperticum treatment

A

Treatment dose of aciclovir

mild topical steroid

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24
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome symptoms and signs

A 
Prominent in flexures
blistering
desquamation
fever
irritability
erythema rash with tenderness
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25
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and treatment

A

IV antibiotics

resolves 5-7 days with treatment

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26
Q

urticaria symptoms and signs

A

Erythema and swelling. Dermal oedema. Itching, burning

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27
Q

urticaria treatment acute

A

Oral anti-histamines
short course of oral steroids
avoid opiate + painkillers

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28
Q

urticaria treatment chronically

A

chronically; anti-histamine, anti-leukotrine, tranexamic acid for angioedema and finally cyclosporin, omalizumab

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29
Q

seborrheic keratoses symptoms and signs

A

Variable warty growths. Looks stuck on, patients often have multiple with cherry angiomas

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30
Q

seborrheic keratoses treatment

A

Cryotherapy

curettage

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31
Q

leser trelat symptoms and signs

A

Abrupt onset of widespread seborrheic keratosis

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32
Q

leser trelat complications

A

GI adenocarcinoma

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33
Q

viral warts cause

A

HPV

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34
Q

viral warts symptoms and sign

A

Rough hyperkeratotic surface
pain
discomfort
clusters from mosaics

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35
Q

viral warts treatment

A

Self-limiting
cryotherapy
curette
salicylic acid

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36
Q

cysts symptoms and signs

A

Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi fluid material

firm and fluctuant

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37
Q

cysts treatment

A

Excision
inflammation treat with antibiotics
intralesional steroids
incision and drain

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38
Q

dermatofibroma symptoms and signs

A

Fibrous nodule
firm, tethered to skin, mobile over fat. Pale, pink/brown. Dimple sign positive. Can be itchy or tender but often asymptomatic

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39
Q

lipoma signs and symptoms

A

Smooth rubbery subcutaneous mass

asymptomatic

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40
Q

angioma signs and symptoms

A

Bleed
cherry
spider naevi
venous lakes

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41
Q

angioma treatment

A

excision and laser

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42
Q

pyogenic granuloma signs and symptoms

A

Rapidly growing red raw granuloma, bleeds easily. Found on head and hands

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43
Q

pyogenic granuloma treatment

A

curettage and cautery

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44
Q

actinic keratoses signs

A

rough scaly patches

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45
Q

actinic keratoses treatment

A

Cryotherapy
imiquimod
diclofenac gel
curettage

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46
Q

bowen’s disease symptoms and signs

A

Dysplasia

irregular scaly erythematous plaque

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47
Q

bowen’s disease treatment

A

Cryotherapy, curettage,
photodynamic therapy
imiquimod

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48
Q

eczema atopic dermatitis signs

A 
Itchy skin past 12 months + 
Flexural involvement
<2yrs old
dry skin
atopic disease
family history
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49
Q

eczema atopic dermatitis symptoms

A

erythema, scale, papules, vesciles, exudate, crusting excoriation acute
chronic – plaques, lichenification, fissuring

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50
Q

chronic eczema dermatitis symptoms

A

chronic – plaques, lichenification, fissuring

51
Q

eczema dermatitis diagnostic criteria

A

Modified Hanifin and Rajka criteria

52
Q

eczema dermatitis causes/pathophysiology

A

Filaggrin gene
atopic family history
epidermal barrier dysfunction
environmental factors

inflammation, acanthosis, spongiosis

53
Q

treatment for eczema atopic dermatitis

A 
Emollients
soap substitutes
removal of causitive factors 
intermittent topical steroids
antihistamines
antimicrobials 
calcineurin inhibitors 
Severe- UV + azathioprine
ciclosporin
mycophenolate-mofetil
methotrexate
54
Q

allergic contact dermatitis test

A

patch testing

55
Q

seborrheic dermatitis signs and symptoms

A

Pattern – rad sharp margined lesions, greasy scales
scalp
proximal features
dandruff

56
Q

seborrheic dermatitis cause

A

malassezia yeast

57
Q

treatment for seborrheic dermatitis

A

ketoconazole topical anti-yeast

58
Q

additional investigation for seborrheic dermatitis

A

HIV testing

59
Q

pompholyx/vesicular eczema signs and symptoms

A 
Palms and soles 
itchy
<40
crops of vesicles
desquamation
60
Q

asteatosis eczema

A

Very dry skin, cracked scales, shins, excessive soap exposure

61
Q

asteatosis eczema cause

A

loss of oil barrier

62
Q

venous eczema treatment

A

compression stocking

63
Q

acanthosis symptoms and treatments

A 
Flexural
hyperkeratosis
hyperpigmentation
papules
velvety 
weight loss
lip involvement
64
Q

acanthosis complications

A

GI adenocarcinoma

65
Q

psoriasis symptoms and signs

A 
Sharply demarcated erythroderma 
micaceous scale 
acanthosis 
pustules
onycholysis, pitting, oil spots on nails, scalp, Koebner phenomenon
Woronoff’s ring
66
Q

psoriasis investigations and indexes

A

Skin biopsy if atypical

psoriasis area severity index
QOL index

67
Q

psoriasis treatment

A 
Emollients
soap substitutes
vitamin D3 analogues
topical steroids
salicylic acid
coal tar creams 
UVB sun bed 
retinoid
methotrexate
ciclosporin
biologics
68
Q

carcinoid syndrome symptoms

A

Episodic flushing
facial telangiectasia
no sweating

69
Q

carcinoid syndrome may reflect what underling conditions

A

Liver metastatic

bronchial, ovarian cancer

70
Q

erythema gyratum repens symptoms and signs

A

Concentric erythematous lesions

71
Q

acquired hypertrichosis lanuginose symptoms and signs

A

Acute onset of lanugo hairs at face and body

72
Q

acquired hypertrichosis lanuginose complications

A

colorectal, lung, breast

73
Q

bazex syndrome symptoms and signs

A

Hyperkeratosis of extremities

resembles psoriasis

74
Q

bazex syndrome underlying cancers

A

SCC, bronchial, oropharyngeal, GI, gastric, colon, biliary, adenocarcinoma

75
Q

Paget’s disease symptoms and signs

A

Extension of ductal adenocarcinoma

eczema plaque at nipple

76
Q

Paget’s disease underlying cancer

A

bladder, colon, adenocarcinoma

77
Q

dermatomyositis symptoms and signs

A 
Inflammatory myopathy + rash
periorbital heliotrope rash
gottron’s papules over bony prominences
shawl sign
photosensitive poikiloderma
scalp erythema
78
Q

treatment for hypothermia

A

Insulate
slow rewarming with blanket
internal rewarming with hot drink
fast rewarming with water immersion and extracorporeal circulation

79
Q

treatment for heat exhaustion

A 
Cool environment
remove clothing
tepid water
fan
give fluids oral or IV
80
Q

basal cell carcinoma symptoms and signs

A

Slow growing
locally invasive
telangiectasia
arborizing vessels

81
Q

investigation for basal cell carcinoma

A

dermoscopy

82
Q

basal cell carcinoma treatment

A

Excision

if not possible then curettage
if not RT or surgery then Vismodegib

83
Q

SSC symptoms and signs

A

Fast growing
tender
scaly
ulceration

84
Q

SSC treatment

A

excision and RT

85
Q

melanoma symptoms and signs

A 
Change in size
shape
colour
>5mm
oozing/bleeding
mild itch, altered sensation
86
Q

melanoma investigations

A

dermoscopy

lymph node biopsy

87
Q

melanoma treatment

A

Surgical excision
chemo
immunotherapy

88
Q

mycosis fungoides symptoms and signs

A

Patch; flat red dry oval lesion, itchy
plaques; thick, itchy
tumour; irregular ulcerating lumps

89
Q

mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome investigation

A

blood for sezary cells and CT

90
Q

mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome treatment

A 
Topical steroids 
P-UVA
localised RT
interferon
bexarotene
low dose methotrexate
chemo
skin electron beam therapy 
extracorporeal photopheresis 
bone marrow transplant
91
Q

sezary syndrome symptoms and signs

A 
Red man syndrome
itchy
thickened skin 
scaly 
red 
lymph node involvement
92
Q

impetigo signs and symptoms

A

Children

Macule-vesicle – erosion with yellow crust

93
Q

impetigo treatment

A

Topical wound care

topical antibiotics

94
Q

folliculitis treatment

A

Antibacterial wash

antibacterial ointment

95
Q

folliculitis investigation

A

bacterial culture

96
Q

erysipelas signs and symptoms

A

Young, debilitated, old, cutaneous ulcers
erythema with well-defined margins
hot, tense, indurated, face + lower extremities, chills, fever, malaise, nausea

97
Q

erysipelas investigation

A

leukocyte count shift left

98
Q

erysipelas treatment

A

10-14 days penicillin

99
Q

cellulitis signs and symptoms

A 
Rubor
Calor
dolor
tumour
non-palpable borders
child; head and neck
adult; distal
100
Q

cellulitis treatment

A

antibiotics

101
Q

syphilis stages and symptoms

A

1- Painless ulcer
2 – widespread rash, flue, red papules, patches, palms and soles
3 – granulomatous lesion gumma

102
Q

syphilis investigations

A

Non-specific non-treponemal antibody test

specific anti-treponemal antibody test

103
Q

syphilis treatment

A

penicillin

104
Q

HSV symptoms an signs

A

Orolabial or genital infection
erythema
vesicles and ulceration

105
Q

HSV treatment

A

anti-virals

106
Q

chicken pox signs and symptoms

A

Red macules-vesicles, pustules – crusts, fever malaise, dew drops on a rose petal, facial then centrally

107
Q

chicken pox treatment

A

calamine lotion

108
Q

shingle symptoms and sign s

A

Localised blistering and painful rash

dermatomal distribution

109
Q

singles treatment

A

infection, prevention, pain relief

110
Q

shingles complication

A

post herpertic neuralgia

111
Q

molloscum contagiosum signs and symptoms

A

<10
warm climates
firm umbilicated pearly papules, waxy surface in skinfolds

112
Q

molloscum contagiosum treatment

A

Liquid nitrogen
curettage
chemovesicants

113
Q

molloscum contagiosum cause

A

pox virus

114
Q

dermatophytosis symptoms and signs

A

Post pubertal
nail, groin, scalp, foot
waves with clear centres, dead skin and dry skin, loss of hair

115
Q

candida symptoms and signs

A

Erythematous patches
satellite pustules
inguinal creases

116
Q

pityriasis versicolour symptoms and signs

A

Excessive sweating, high temperature oily skin, multiple oval patches with mild scale, red, brown, white

117
Q

pityriasis versicolour cause

A

malassezia

118
Q

pityriasis versicolour treatment

A

topical antimycotic

119
Q

scabies signs and symptoms

A

Close contact
overcrowding
passionate itch disturbing sleep
irregular tracks

120
Q

scabies cause

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

121
Q

head lice symptoms and signs

A

Itch irritation

behind neck and ears, red brown spots

122
Q

scabies treatment

A

anti-scabietic topical cream

123
Q

head lice treatment

A

2 applications of insecticide, physical methods. Treat all family and school

dermatology (3 decks)

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