Clinical Flashcards
There is a sick patient in Resus. How do you approach this case?
—This is a sick/frail/at risk patients who I am concerned about.
—I would do a rapid assessment of the patient’s stability and decide where the best place will be to stabilise/optimise/resuscitate them whilst simultaneously mobilising team X/Y/Z
—My priorities are…
What is pre-eclampsia?
Multisystem disorder of pregnancy from inadequate trophoblastic invasion
Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy defined by:
—New onset BP >140/90 after 20 weeks gestation
Plus one of:
—Proteinuria
—Organ dysfunction
—Placental dysfunction
What is carcinoid syndrome?
Carcinoid syndrome is a rare condition seen in patients with the neuroendocrine carcinoid tumour where the tumour/metastasis is outside of the hepatic portal system.
Its typical features involve: flushing, diarrhoea and bronchospasm as well as R heart disease
You are asked to deal with an emergency. What will you do?
From the information I have, I suspect…
I will call for assistance and assign roles (+/-QRH)
I will apply specific and supportive measures:
—Secure airway
—Control ventilation
—Ensure cardiovascular stability
What is COPD?
Chronic respiratory condition with classical features of cough, dyspnoea, sputum production often in patients with risk factors
Classified using the GOLD criteria
What are some causes for raised temperature under GA?
Sepsis Malignant Hyperthermia Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Thyroid storm Ecstasy use Serotonin syndrome
What are the considerations for pre-op assessment for thoracic surgery?
—Post op MI risk
—Thoracosore (uses 9 variables to predict surgical mortality)(Age,Sex,ASA,Performance status, Severity of dyspnoea, Priority of surgery, Extent of resection, Diagnosis (malignant etc), Comorbidity)
—Resp function & post op dyspnoea
What is autism?
Neuropsychiatric disorder: Triad of difficulty with : -imagination -communication -interaction
What is Eisenmenger’s Syndrome?
Communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulation with pulmonary hypertension causing a right-to-left shunt
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Chronic multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown cause
Results in symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis with extra-articular features
What is a phaeochromocytoma?
Functionally active, catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumour of chromaffin cells usually in adrenal medulla.
Secrete any combination of noradrenaline/adrenaline/dopamine
What is pyloric stenosis?
Most common surgical condition in <6month old
Hypertrophy of pyloric muscle causing gastric outflow obstruction, vomiting, metabolic alkalosis
What do we mean by conscious sedation?
A level of sedation where the patient remains conscious, retains protective reflexes and can respond to commands but allows sufficient anxiolysis and hypnosis for procedure
What is cerebral palsy?
A group of permanent movement and posture disorders that limit activity due to acquired pathology within the developing brain in the prenatal/neonatal/early infant period.
It is a clinical description based on an assessment of development and not a disease
What are the Echo criteria for Aortic Stenosis?
—Valve area: Mild >1.5cm Moderate 1-1.5cm Severe <1cm Critical <0.6cm
—Mean gradient: Mild <25mmHg Moderate 25-40mmHg Severe 40-50mmHg Critical >50mmHg
—Peak gradient:
Mild <40mmHg
Moderate 40-65mmHg
Severe >65mmHg
—Jet velocity:
Mild <3m/s
Moderate 3-4m/s
Severe >4m/s
