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PCM (block 2) > ClinCorr #4 > Flashcards

ClinCorr #4 Flashcards

1
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for knee extension?

A

Quads, Femoral, L3-4

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2
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Peroneal, L4-5

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3
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for hip extension?

A

L4-5, Gluteal

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4
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for extension of the great toe?

A

Peroneal, L5

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5
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for knee flexion?

A

Sciatic, L5-S1

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6
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?

A

Tibial, S1-2

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7
Q

What major peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for Hip adductors?

A

Obturator, L2-3

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8
Q

What would accompany a L4 lesion?

A

Pain: back, shin, thigh, leg
Sensory: shin numbness
Weakness: Ankle dorsiflexors
Reflex changes: Knee jerk

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9
Q

What would accompany a L5 lesion?

A

Pain: Back, posterior, thigh, leg
Sensory: Numbness of top of the foot and first web space
Weakness: Extensor hallucis longus
Reflex changes: None

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10
Q

What would accompany a S1 lesion?

A

Pain: Back, Posterior calf, and leg
Sensory: numbness of the lateral foot
Weakness: Gastrocnemius and soleus
Reflex: ankle jerk

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11
Q

What does the L5 dermatome include?

A

Large toe, and Lateral Lower Leg

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12
Q

What does the S1 dermatome include?

A

Small toe and Sole

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13
Q

What major muscle, peripheral n. and nerve roots are responsible for hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas, Femoral n., L2-3

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14
Q

Where does the patella sit in the knee joint?

A

Between the two femoral condyles

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15
Q

What two ligaments in the knee prevents side to side movement?

A

MCL and LCL

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16
Q

What two ligaments in the knee prevent front and back movment of the knee?

A

ACL and PCL

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17
Q

T or F: the menicus is articular cartilage

A

FALSE - it is fibrocartilage

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the meniscus?

A
  • To spread force over a larger area
  • Prevents art. cartilage of the knee from experiencing excessive force
  • prevents the femur from sliding off the tibia
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19
Q

What tendons can be used as grafts to replace torn ligaments?

A

Hamstring

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20
Q

What is the order of procession in a knee examination?

A

Inspection –> Palpation –> active ROM –> passive ROM

21
Q

What is the technical term for being bowlegged?

A

varus

22
Q

What is the technical term for being knockneed?

A

Valgus

23
Q

What should you palpate on the patella?

A

superior and inferior poles

medial and lateral facet

24
Q

How to palpate knee joint?

A

palpate along the medial and lateral joint line

25
Q

What is the typical amount of flexion in the knee joint?

A

135º

26
Q

What are you checking for in the extension test?

A

Hyperextension

27
Q

What do test do you do to check for MCL and LCL tears?

A

Varus and Valgus stress test

  • Varus: push ankle medial and pull knee lateral
  • Valgus: pull ankle lateral and push knee medial
28
Q

How can the valgus tests be modified to test for anterior fibers?

A

Bend the knee 30º

29
Q

What is the position of the leg and of the examiner in the Anterior and Posterior drawer tests?

A

flex knee 90º and sit on foot with fingers on the joint cavity

30
Q

What is the lockman test?

A

The anterior drawer test at 30º

- can drop leg off table to get this angle

31
Q

What is indicated by popping while twisting the ankle medially?

A

Medially meniscus tear

- lateral popping = lateral meniscus

32
Q

What does the McMurry test test for?

A

torn menisci

- bring knee in and internally rotate then out and externally rotate

33
Q

What do you look for when determining if a nerve lesion is a radiculopathy?

A
  • Deficits consistent with a single nerve ROOT (from SC)
  • sensory loss in one dermatome
  • motor weakness in muscles with associated root
34
Q

What do you look for in a peripheral n. lesion?

A

deficits consistent with a known sensory and motor distribution of a single n.

35
Q

What are the indicators of a plexopathy?

A
  • disease corresponding to a plexus injury
  • pattern spans across many roots and n.s
  • sensory loss in adjacent dermatomes
36
Q

What does the knee jerk reflex look for?

A
  • reflex abnormalities corresponding to L3 and L4
  • Vastus medialis = first thing to go in knee jerk
  • Hit the patellar ligament
37
Q

What does the ankle jerk reflex test look for?

A
  • reflex abnormalities in S1 and S2

- put hands on toes and strike achilles

38
Q

What is a common problem that leads to lower back pain with pain radiating into a single dermatome?

A

Herniated disc

- n+1 rule

39
Q

What risk does degenerative arthritis present to the sping?

A

Osteophyte formation may impinge on n. roots

40
Q

T or F: tumors and abscesses can have similar symptoms to disc herniations

A

True

41
Q

When taking a popliteal pulse where do you put your hands?

A

Between the two heads of gastrcnemius

42
Q

What is one of the first signs of a peripheral polyneuropathy?

A
  • numbness or burning sensation in the hands and feet

- symptomes are BILATERAL and SYMMETRIC

43
Q

T or F: when cell bodies die, the longest neurons become symptomatic first

A

True

44
Q

What are two common disease that can cause peripheral polyneuropathies?

A

diabetes and alcoholism

45
Q

What do deep aneurysms in the popliteal a. suggest?

A

a predisposition to aortic rupture

46
Q

Why take the popliteal or pulse in Dorsalis Pedis a.?

A

to test for peripheral arterial disease

47
Q

Where is the tibial pulse taken?

A

posterior to the medial malleolus and slightly superior

-best if foot is plantar flexed

48
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken?

A

on the top part of ext. hallicis longus

PCM (block 2) (2 decks)

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