ClinCorr #3 Flashcards
What is the stance phase?
when the leg is bearing weight
What is the swing phase?
when the leg advances but does not bear weight
What muscles contract during the stance phase?
Extensors:
gluteus maximus
quadriceps
plantar flexors
What muscles contract during the swing phase?
Flexors:
iliopsoas
hamstrings
tibialis and toe extensors
What muscles keep the hip from tilting on the non-weightbearing leg?
gluteus medius and minnimus
What is the Trendelburg gait?
when you walk and the hip opposite to the affected gluteus medius/minnimus drops while the person leans to the opposite side to compensate for the drop
What causes abnormal gaits?
pain, immobile joints, muscle weakness, abnormal limb control
T or F: symmetry is one of the most important signs to find a cause
True
What classifies a unilateral painful gait?
you try to bear weight on the non-painful leg for longer
What is another name for a unilateral gait?
Antalgic gait
If there is pain over the greater trochanter, what might be the cause?
bursitis
What does abnormal/pain abduction of the hip and internal rotation indicate?
early hip pathology
What are the two types of hip fractures?
Intracapsular and extracapsular
What are the two types of intracapuslar fractures?
displaced - bad prognosis
undisplaced - less likely that blood supply has been damaged
How do you tell a female pelvis from a male pelvis?
a female pelvis has less of an acute angle at the symphysis
it also has broader edges
T or F: the spine of the ishium is posterior
True
What artery is an intracapsular fracture likely to affect?
medial circumflex femoral
Causes avascular necrosis when it is severed
What is a hemiarthroplasty?
replaces femoral neck but no the acetabulum
What are the 30 day and 1 year hip surgery mortality rates?
10%, 30%
Where are malignant areas in the femur typically?
below the trochanter
What nerve structure is often injured with a posterior dislocation?
sciatic N.
What clinical sign indicates hip fracture?
shortened limb, external rotation
What clinical sign indicates hip dislocation?
medial rotation, shortened limb
Where can the femoral artery be palpate?
below inguinal ligament
