Clin Path Flashcards
What is anisocytosis?
Different sized cells
What do nRBCs indicate?
Heat stroke, trauma, marrow injury, regeneration
What do poikilocytes indicate?
Liver disease, chemo
What do acanthocytes indicate?
Liver issue with cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, HSA, vasculitis
What does agglutination indicate?
IMHA
What do codocytes indicate?
Increased erythropoeisis
What do eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies indicate?
Oxidative injury
What do echinocytes indicate?
Snake bite
What does hypochromasia indicate?
Regeneration, iron deficiency
What does polychromatic indicate?
Regeneration
What/why does rouleaux occur?
Fibrinogen and globulins, electrostatic forces
What do schistocytes and/or keratocytes indicate?
DIC, vasculitis, some sort of fragmentation process
What do spherocytes indicate?
IMHA
What are aggregate reticulocytes?
Nuclear material condensed
Immature, regeneration
What can Howell-Jolly bodies indicate?
Can be normal in cats
Regeneration
Steroids
Corticosteroid response leukogram
Demarginates the marginal pool
Mature neutrophilia with lymphopenia
Epinephrine leukogram
Increased PCV
Mature neutrophilia with lymphocytosis
Increased glucose
Toxic neutrophil changes
Dohle bodies, darker cytoplasm, foamy cytoplasm
Leukemoid response
Many segmented neutros, few bands, 1-2 monos
Increased MCV
Macrocytic
Agglutination, FeLV in cats with no other abnormalities
Decreased MCHC
Hypochromic
Iron deficiency anemia, chronic blood loss
What does a macrocytic hypochromic anemia indicate?
Increased erythropoiesis
Relative erythrocytosis
Not true
Due to plasma change
Hemoconcentration, splenic contraction
Absolute erythrocytosis
Secondary—increased erythropoietin, appropriate (hypoxia), vs inappropriate (neoplasia, renal disease)
What does eosinophilic inflammation indicate?
Hypersensitivity
Mast cell
Parasitic
Fungal
What does granulomatous/pyogranulomatous inflammation indicate?
Foreign body
Higher bacteria
Fungi
What does macrophagic inflammation indicate?
Mycobacterium
What does suppuration inflammation indicate?
Degenerate—infectious, gram negative bacteria
Non-degenerate—immune, neoplasia, sterile process
If macrophages are consuming RBCs, what is occurring and since when?
Hemorrhage, and recently (less than a few hours)
