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Block 4 - Psych > Clin Lab - EKG Part 1 > Flashcards

Clin Lab - EKG Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the 3 bipolar limb leads

A

Lead I, II, III

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2
Q

List the 3 unipolar augmented leads

A

aVR, aVL, & aVF

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3
Q

The limb & augmented leads combine together to show the heart’s electrical activity in the…

A

frontal plane

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4
Q

Which lead is most often used to assess heart rhythm b/c it is anatomically aligned to the normal heart?

A

Lead II

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5
Q

List the 6 unipolar chest (precordial) leads.

A

V1 - V6

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6
Q

Which chest leads overlay the right ventricle?

A

V1 & V2

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7
Q

Which leads overlay the septum of the heart?

A

V3 - V4

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8
Q

Which leads overlay the left ventricle?

A

V5 & V6

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9
Q

The left ventricle having a stronger contraction than the right ventricle is due to…

A

The Frank-Starling Law
- the LV has more blood in its chamber at the end of diastole; need to push the most blood out as possible

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10
Q

What prevents electrical signal from going straight from the atria to the ventricles?

A

CT b/t the atria & ventricles

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11
Q

NOTE

A

As depolarization occurs, an electrical field develops where some cells are (-) on the outside, some are (+)

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12
Q

The separation of charges creates a…

A

dipole

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13
Q

The head of the dipole points towards…

A

the (+) area –> this is the vector

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14
Q

Vector pointing towards the electrode causes a…

A

up deflection

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15
Q

Vector pointing away from the electrode causes a…

A

downward deflection

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16
Q

Vector running parallel to the electrode causes a…

A

biphasic deflection

17
Q

How does electrical signal travel through the heart

A

R shoulder, L hip, L shoulder

18
Q

How many milliseconds long is one small box?

A

4o ms (0.04 sec)

19
Q

How many milliseconds long is one big box?

A

200 ms (0.20 sec)

20
Q

How many big boxes = 1 second?

A

5 big boxes

21
Q

How long is the QRS interval?

A

<3 small boxes (120ms)

21
Q

How long is the PR interval?

A

<1 big box (<200 ms)

22
Q

How long is the QT interval?

A

Varies by HR – meds (haloperidol, Zofran, macrolides)

QTc
440ms men
460ms women
**<2 big boxes

23
Q

NOTE

A

A nice eyeball test for QTc is that the QT interval should be less than half the preceding RR interval.

24
Q

What are 3 ways to calculate rate on an EKG?

A
  • 300 – 150 – 100 - 75
    –> R wave has to be on big box – regular. Find R wave that lands on big box, the line after is where the 300 is
  • 6 secs rule – irregular
  • Count on the rhythm strip
25
Q

If SA node is NOT the pacemaker – 3 possibilities

A
  • Atrial area(s) other than SA node is/are pacemaker
  • AV node junction area is pacemaker
  • Ventricle area(s) is/are pacemaker
26
Q

NOTE

A
  • Problems w/ the AV node or AV bundles can lead to “blocks”
  • Extra (accessory) pathways can change conduction
27
Q

List the types of sinus rhythm

A
  • NSR
  • Sinus Tachy
  • Sinus Brady
  • Sinus Arrthymia
  • Sick Sinus Syndrome
  • Sinus Pause (>4 secs; >3 w/ Sx)
28
Q

List the atrial rhythms (not sinus)

A
  • Afib
  • Aflutter
  • Wandering atrial Pacer
  • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
  • SVT
  • Atrial escape (ectopic escape)
29
Q

List the junctional rhythms

A
  • Junctional Escape
  • Ventricular escape idioventricular)
  • Accelerated Ventricular Escape (rate >40bpm)
  • Accelerated Junctional (>60bpm)
30
Q

List the ventricular rhythms

A
  • Vfib
  • Vtach
  • Vflutter
  • Torsades (multifocal VTach)
31
Q

List the types of blocks

A
  • 1st degree block
  • 2nd degree Type I (Wenckebach)
  • 2nd degree Type II
  • 3rd degree block
  • Bundle Blocks
32
Q

List the accessory pathways

A
  • Wolf-Parkinson White
  • LGL
33
Q

List the rhythms w/ wide QRS

A

Vfib
Vtach
Vflutter
Torsades (multifocal VTach)
Bundle Blocks

Block 4 - Psych (4 decks)

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