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Block 3 - Cardio > Clin Lab - EKG basics > Flashcards

Clin Lab - EKG basics Flashcards

1
Q

Dimensions for small boxes

A

1mm x 1mm

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2
Q

Dimensions for big boxes

A

5x5 small boxes

  • 5mm x 5mm
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3
Q

What is measured on the horizontal axis of EKG?

A

time

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4
Q

Time for 1 small box

A

0.04 sec (40 ms)

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5
Q

Time for 1 big box

A

0.2 sec (200 ms)

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6
Q

Time for 5 big boxes

A

1 sec (1000 ms)

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7
Q

What is measured on the vertical axis of EKG?

A

voltage (mV)

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8
Q

Voltage for 1 small box

A

0.1 mV

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9
Q

Voltage for 1 big box

A

0.5 mV

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10
Q

Voltage for 2 big boxes

A

1 mV

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11
Q

NOTE

A

most times we don’t talk about amplitude in terms of actual numbers. It’s more of does it look the way it should.

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12
Q

Which lead is considered the opposite (upside down) of lead II

A

aVR

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13
Q

Describe visualized of P wave on EKG.

A

first deflection - smaller, rounded

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14
Q

Describe visualized of QRS complex on EKG.

A

large deflection
- first (-) wave–> Q wave
- first (+) wave–> R wave
- next (-) wave–> S wave

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15
Q

Describe visualized of T wave on EKG.

A

last deflection - wider, rounded wave

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16
Q

What is a segment?

A

a relatively flat (isoelectric) area b/t two deflections

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17
Q

What is an interval?

A

encompasses at least 1 deflection (+ or -) & 1 flat (isoelectric) segments

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18
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

19
Q

QRS complex represents

A

ventricular depolarization

20
Q

T wave represents

A

ventricular repolarization

21
Q

A typical p wave is created by…

A

an impulse from the SA node

22
Q

Describe the PR segment

A
  • end of the P wave to start of QRS complex
  • all atrial cells are depolarized
  • impulse is held by AV node
23
Q

Describe the PR interval

A
  • start of P wave to start of QRS complex
  • time it takes for the impulse to travel through the atria & the AV node
24
Q

Describe the QRS complex

A

rapid depolarization through VA bundle, R&L bundle branches, to the terminal ends of the Purkinje fibers throughout the ventricles

  • produced ventricular contraction
25
Q

Are Q waves always present?

A

No, but can be pathologic in right circumstances

26
Q

Describe the ST segment

A
  • flat area b/t end of QRS and the beginning of the T wave
  • should be same height has PR segment
  • all ventricular cell depolarized
27
Q

What is the J point

A

point of inflection where the S wave ends & the ST segment begins

28
Q

Describe the T wave?

A
  • ventricular repolarization
  • K+ ions leaving the myocyte returning the cell interior to a (-) charge
  • spread out compared to ventricular depolarization - smaller height
29
Q

Describe the QT interval

A
  • ventricular contraction; beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
30
Q

What represents systole on EKG?

A

QT interval

31
Q

What represents diastole on EKG?

A
  • end of T wave to begining of QRS complex
32
Q

Which is long systole or diastole?

A

diastole

33
Q

What part of the EKG are electrically silent?

A

the isoelectric lines
- the flat lines b/t all the waves

34
Q

What is it called if there is a 2nd (+) wave after the S?

A

R’ –> RSR’

35
Q

What is the name of the (+) wave after T wave & before P wave?

A

U wave

36
Q

Time: PR interval

A

120 - 200ms

< 1 big box

37
Q

Time: QRS complex

A

60 -100ms

< 3 small boxes

38
Q

Time: QRS complex gray zone

A

100 - 120ms

39
Q

QRS complex: abnormal time

A

> 120ms

> 3 small boxes

40
Q

QT interval: time

A

360 - 440 ms

41
Q

QT interval varies by & how is this corrected

A

HR

QTc

42
Q

QTc value for men & women

A

< 440ms in men

< 460ms in women

43
Q

On a 12-lead EKG, how long is each lead?

A

2.5 secs

44
Q

How long is a rhythm strip if present?

A

10 seconds

Block 3 - Cardio (13 decks)

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