Clin lab 1 specific Flashcards
Differentiate serum vs plasma
Serum = pale yellow fluid formed when whole blood is allowed to clot. Fibrinogen used up in clotting.
Plasma = fresh whole blood plus anticoagulant separates into plasma and cellular components
Describe the layers of anticoagulated blood specimen
- Plasma (55%)
- Buffy coat (1%) WBC and platelets
- Erythrocytes (45%) packed RBC
POCT falls within either the _______ or ______ complexity catagory
Waived or moderately complex
PPM is always _______ complexity
Moderate
What are the 6 sections in clinical pathology?
Microbiology, Hematology, UA, Serology, Chemistry, Immunohematology
Describe the transfusion services portion of the clinical pathology section
Job - ensure donated blood and blood products are safe. Includes typing blood and testing for infectious disease. “Blood bank and donation are a part of immunohematology”
Describe the reference range bell curve
Reference range is a healthy 95% population. 2.5% on either side will show false positive equaling 5% total.
Pre-analytical errors account for ________ percent of total errors. Describe the 8 potential errors and 3 most frequent errors.
70%
Potential - Improper ordered test, sample mis ID, improper timing, improper fasting, improper anticoagulant to blood ratio, improper mixing, incorrect order of draw, hemolyzed or lipemic specimens
Frequent - improper filling sample tube, specimen in wrong container or preservative, incorrect test
Analytical errors include what 2 types? Define them.
Random and systemic
Random - Unknown and unpredictable changes in the experiment
Systemic - Usually from the instrument either wrong use, system of processing or instrument itself
In post analytical errors, the lab or provider may commit the error. Describe the potential lab errors
Fail to meet time constraing Failure to report critical values Forget to close the loop Non-automated testing Bad info due to no patient info
In post analytical errors, the lab or provider may commit the error. Describe the potential provider errors
Unable to be contacted Drop the ball on colleague handoff Forget receiving critical result Forget to check results of routine labs Ignore results
The anatomical pathology sections contains what 3 sections?
Histology - tissue
Cytology - cells
Autopsy - dead people
The support services of the laboratory include
Central process/client services
Phlebotomy
Clerical services
Laboratory information systems
The lab is owned by who? Who works for this person and manages the lab?
- Medical director/laboratory director (MD, DO, PHD)
2. Lab manager/supervisor (MLS(ASCP)CM) *clinical lab scientist “4 year degree”
This type of class of synovial fluid is associated with immunologic diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
What about degenerative/bacterial?
Class II = inflammatory (autoimmune proteins)
Class I noninflammatory
Class III infections
The SI unit for amounts when measured in a lab is what?
Mole / mol
Light blue top tube has what additive? What is the ratio required?
Sodium citrate 9:1
A hemolyzed, icteric, or lipemic sample is a collection error?
Hemolyzed
List the types of urine specimens
Random First morning Midstream clean catch 24 hour or timed Catheter collection Suprapubic aspiration Pediatric
Describe the typical use/benefit/important info for specific urine specimens
Random - not great
First morning - choice for UA and microscopic (concentrated)
Midstream - choice for C&S (low contamination)
24 hour/timed - Diurnal variation
Catheter - when they have a catheter
Suprapubic - when needed
Peds - special collection bad adhered to skin. Then –> tube
Dipstick tests for nitrites tend to be _________ for gram negative bacteria
Positive
Gray top tube will be used for what tests? What preservative does it have in it?
Blood alcohol. Potassium Oxylate
Also, glucose / sodium flouride
With a blood alcohol or toxicology sample, what is needed from a legal point of view?
Chain of custody
Icteric plasma contains high levels of __________
bilirubin
When would you use specific microscopes?
Phase contrast - colorless specimen or fine details (cell shit)
Polarizing - birefringence detection (diff b/t gout and psuedo gout)
Dark field - enhance contrast in unstained (ie spirochetes)
Flourescence - specific antibodies rxn w/ antigens
TEM - slixe w/ high res vs SEM - 3d bouncing
Reread creatinine page and look at different test sheet
OK
