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Clinical Application - Abbreviations > Clin App - Terminology - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Clin App - Terminology - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathognomonic

A

specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathologic condition

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2
Q

Contraindication

A

A factor that renders the administration of a drug or the carrying out of a medical procedure inadvisable.

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3
Q

Lassitude

A

weakness; exhaustion

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4
Q

Plethoric

A

Redness usualy in the cheeks

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5
Q

Category X

A

Drug that carries high risk of fetal abnormalities that clearly outweighs the benefits

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6
Q

Anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite for food

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7
Q

Flatus

A

gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract

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8
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

A chronic, abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually associated with disease

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9
Q

Tinnitus

A

Tinnitus is hearing ringing, buzzing, or other sounds without an external cause

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10
Q

Nevi

A

The medical term for any anomaly of the skin that is present at birth, including moles and birthmarks

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11
Q

Febrile

A

Of, relating to, or characterized by fever; feverish

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12
Q

Obtundation

A

A condition in which the senses have been dulled by trauma, mistreatment, or psychological stress

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13
Q

Hematemesis

A

the vomiting of blood.

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14
Q

Hematuria

A

The presence of blood in the urine

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15
Q

Lethargy

A

A state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy

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16
Q

Vertigo

A

A sensation of irregular or whirling motion, either of oneself or of external objects, often caused by inner ear disease

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17
Q

Diplopia

A

The medical term for seeing double

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18
Q

Epistaxis

A

A nosebleed

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19
Q

Anosmia

A

The term anosmia means lack of the sense of smell. It may also refer to a decreased sense of smell

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20
Q

Melena

A

The passage of black tarlike stools containing blood that has been acted on by the intestinal juices

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21
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness, as of the skin.

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22
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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23
Q

Odynophagia

A

a dysphagia in which swallowing causes pain

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24
Q

Glossodynia

A

A burning or painful sensation in the tongue. Also called glossalgia

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25
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Galactorrhea is the secretion of breast milk in men, or in women who are not breastfeeding an infant

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26
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease and resulting in shortness of breath.

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27
Q

Hematochezia

A

The passage of bloody stools

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28
Q

Urticaria

A

A skin condition characterized by welts that itch intensely, caused by an allergic reaction, an infection, or a nervous condition. Also called hives, nettle rash

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29
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty in articulating words due to emotional stress or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used in speaking.

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30
Q

Orthopnea

A

Discomfort in breathing that is relieved by sitting or standing in an erect position.

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31
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway

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32
Q

Edema

A

Edema is a condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body’s cells (interstitial spaces)

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33
Q

Claudication

A

A halt or lameness in a person’s walk; a limp

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34
Q

Jaundice

A

Jaundice is a condition in which a person’s skin and the whites of the eyes are discolored yellow due to an increased level of bile pigments in the blood resulting from liver disease.

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35
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss (baldness)

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36
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive passage of urine

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37
Q

Nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

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38
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

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39
Q

Dyspareunia

A

is painful sexual intercourse

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40
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

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41
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Abnormal suppression or absence of menstruation

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42
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

excessive and prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at irregular, frequent intervals

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43
Q

Hematospermia

A

the presence of blood in semen

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44
Q

Paresthesia

A

A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause

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45
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

Partial loss of sensation; diminished sensibility

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46
Q

Anesthesia

A

Total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensibility, induced by disease, injury, acupuncture, or an anesthetic, such as chloroform or nitrous oxide.

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47
Q

Akathisia

A

is a syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of “inner” restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless

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48
Q

Anhedonia

A

is an inability to experience pleasurable emotions from normally pleasurable life events such as eating, exercise, social interaction or sexual activities

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49
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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50
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of greater than, or equal to, 2.5 g/dL of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface

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51
Q

Ataxia

A

failure of muscular coordination

52
Q

Fasciculation

A

a small local involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin, representing spontaneous discharge of fibers innervated by a single motor nerve filament

53
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

54
Q

Proctalgia

A

pain in the rectum

55
Q

Paroxysmal

A

a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms

56
Q

Globus sensation

A

the persistent sensation of having phlegm or some sort of obstruction in the throat when there is none. Swallowing can be performed

57
Q

Appy

A

appendectomy

58
Q

Chole

A

cholescystectomy

59
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

60
Q

CAGE

A

Cut down (asked by others) Annoyed by criticism (from others) Guilty (feel guilty when you drink) Eye opener (drink one to wake up)

61
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

62
Q

Malaise

A

feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, of being “out of sorts”

63
Q

pack-years

A

years of smoking multiplied by average number of packs, or fraction thereof, per day

64
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

Stiffness in the nape of the neck, often accompanied by pain and spasm on attempts to move the head; the most common sign of meningitis.

65
Q

strabismus

A

a disorder in which the two eyes do not line up in the same direction, and therefore do not look at the same object at the same time

66
Q

ptosis

A

is a drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid

67
Q

anhidrosis

A

means a deficiency or absence of perspiration

68
Q

goiter

A

a swelling of the thyroid gland

69
Q

entropion

A

a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea and irritate it

70
Q

ectropion

A

a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin-type ichthyosis

71
Q

bruit

A

the term for the unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction (called turbulent flow) in an artery when the sound is auscultated with the bell portion of a stethoscope

72
Q

stridor

A

a high-pitched wheezing sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway

73
Q

icterus

A

Synonymous with jaundice - the yellowish staining of the skin and sclerae (the whites of the eyes) that is caused by high levels in blood of a chemical bilirubin

74
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

75
Q

hypospadias

A

an abnormality of anterior urethral and penile development in which the urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventrum of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis, which, in this condition, is splayed open

76
Q

priapism

A

a potentially painful medical condition, in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state, despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation, within four hours

77
Q

varicocele

A

an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum. This plexus of veins drains the testicles

78
Q

spermatocele

A

a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis

79
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

diseases of the heart muscle. the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue.

80
Q

consolidation

A

The process of becoming a firm solid mass, as in an infected lung when the alveoli are filled with exudate

81
Q

parenchymal

A

The tissue characteristic of an organ, as distinguished from associated connective or supporting tissues

82
Q

meningismus

A

a state of meningeal irritation with symptoms suggesting meningitis that often occurs at the onset of acute febrile diseases especially in children

83
Q

Petechiae

A

Tiny purple or red spots on the skin associated with endocarditis, resulting from hemorrhages under the skin’s surface.

84
Q

Purpura

A

a small hemorrhage in the skin, mucous membrane, or serosal surface.

85
Q

Wheal

A

a localized area of edema on the body surface, often attended with severe itching and usually evanescent; it is the typical lesion of urticaria

86
Q

Macule

A

a discolored spot on the skin that is not raised above the surface

87
Q

Patch

A

a small area differing from the rest of a surface

88
Q

Nodule

A

a small node or boss which is solid and can be detected by touch

89
Q

Plaque

A

An elevated, solid, superficial lesion

90
Q

Tumor

A

neoplasm; a new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive

91
Q

Vesicle

A

a small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing a serous fluid; a small blister

92
Q

Bullae

A

a blister; a circumscribed, fluid-containing, elevated lesion of the skin, usually more than 5 mm in diameter

93
Q

Pustule

A

a small, elevated, circumscribed, pus-containing lesion of the skin

94
Q

Folliculitis

A

Folliculitis is inflammation or infection of one or more hair follicles

95
Q

Echymosis

A

a small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or a mucous membrane, larger than a petechia, forming a nonelevated, rounded, or irregular blue or purplish patch

96
Q

Hematoma

A

a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue

97
Q

Nevus

A

any congenital skin lesion; a birthmark

98
Q

Linear

A

Of, relating to, or resembling a line; straight

99
Q

Serpiginous

A

creeping; having a wavy or much indented border

100
Q

Violaceous

A

having a violet color, usually describing a discoloration of the skin

101
Q

Sessile

A

attached by a broad base, as opposed to being pedunculated or stalked

102
Q

Pedunculated

A

pertaining to a structure with a stalk or peduncle

103
Q

Target

A

Target like lesion

104
Q

Annular

A

Ring shaped

105
Q

Flat affect

A

condition in which a person does not display emotions to the degree that other members of his or her culture would normally exhibit

106
Q

Echolalia

A

phenomenon exhibited by those afflicted with autism, Tourette’s syndrome and other forms of developmental disabilities or psychopathological conditions that causes them to repeat the last words or syllables they hear

107
Q

Echopraxia

A

When a person compulsively repeats the actions of someone else

108
Q

Micrographia

A

refers to handwriting that becomes progressively smaller and harder to read. It is considered a medical condition that arises because of damage to the basal ganglia in the brain, the area that controls fine motor movements

109
Q

Loose associations

A

when one thought isnt connected to the next

110
Q

Tangential communication

A

disorder in which the train of thought of the speaker wanders and shows a lack of focus

111
Q

Flight of ideas

A

a nearly continuous flow of rapid speech that jumps from topic to topic, usually based on discernible associations, distractions, or plays on words, but sometimes disorganized and incoherent

112
Q

Somatization

A

the conversion of mental experiences or states into bodily symptoms

113
Q

Conversion reaction

A

a somatoform disorder characterized by conversion symptoms (loss or alteration of voluntary motor or sensory functioning suggesting physical illness) with no physiological basis and not produced intentionally or feigned

114
Q

Malingering

A

the act of intentionally feigning or exaggerating physical or psychological symptoms for personal gain

115
Q

Dysthymia

A

A mood disorder characterized by despondency or mild depression

116
Q

Anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure in normally pleasurable acts

117
Q

Psychomotor

A

pertaining to motor effects of cerebral or psychic activity

118
Q

Catatonia

A

Catatonia is a condition marked by changes in muscle tone or activity associated with a large number of serious mental and physical illnesses. In catatonic stupor the individual experiences a deficit of motor (movement) activity that can render him/her motionless. Catatonic excitement, or excessive movement, is associated with violent behavior directed toward oneself or others.

119
Q

Cyclothymic

A

characterized by numerous alternating short cycles of hypomanic and depressive periods with symptoms like those of manic and major depressive episodes but of lesser severity

120
Q

Depersonalization

A

alteration in the perception of self so that the usual sense of one’s own reality is temporarily lost or changed; it may be a manifestation of a neurosis or another mental disorder or can occur in mild form in normal persons.

121
Q

Disassociation

A

segregation of a group of mental processes from the rest of a person’s usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, perception, and sensory and motor behavior.

122
Q

Amnesia

A

Amnesia refers to the loss of memory

123
Q

Fugue

A

a pathological state of altered consciousness in which an individual may act and wander around as though conscious but their behavior is not directed by their complete normal personality and is not remembered after the fugue ends

124
Q

Munchausen’s

A

Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self-inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness, in order to receive medical care or hospitalization.

125
Q

Paraphilia

A

a psychosexual disorder marked by sexual urges, fantasies, and behavior involving objects, suffering or humiliation, or children or other nonconsenting partners

126
Q

Affect

A

refers to the experience of feeling or emotion

Clinical Application - Abbreviations (4 decks)

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