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Physical Geography > Climatology > Flashcards

Climatology Flashcards

1
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: categories?

A

A
B
C
D
E

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2
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: A?

A

megathermal; tropical climate

winterless
22-23 deg C
avg T of coldest month >18 deg C

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3
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: B?

A

Xerophytic; Dry, arid climate

evap>precipitation

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4
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: C?

A

Mesothermal; Warm temperate climate

warm temperate
22o N/S to 40oN/S

well developed winter and summer

T of coldest month <18 deg C bt > -3deg C; T of warmest month >10deg C but less than 22 deg C

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5
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: D

A

Microthermal; Cool Temperate climate

Cool temperate- 40o N/S to 65o N/S

T of coldest month < -3deg C and T of warmest month > 10deg C but less than 22 deg C

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6
Q

Koeppen’s classification: macroscale division: E

A

Hekistothermal; cold/polar climate

beyomd 65oN/S

summerless climate

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7
Q

Koeppen’s classification: mesoscale divisions: categories?

A

f: rf in all months
m: max rf in summer
s: summer dry
w: winter dry

For B: s→ semi arid/steppe and w→ arid/desert

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8
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: categories?

A

a

b

c

d

For B, h and k

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9
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: a?

A

warmest month T> 22deg C

and

At least 4 months avg T >10deg C

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10
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: b?

A

warmest month T< 22deg C

and

at least 4 months with their avg T >10deg C

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11
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: c?

A

warmest month T<22deg C

and

less than 4 months with their avg T >10deg C

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12
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: d?

A

T of coldest month < -38 deg C

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13
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: h?

A

avg annual T > 18deg C

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14
Q

Koeppen’s classification: microscale divisions: k?

A

avg annual T < 18deg C

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15
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Af?

A

driest month rf >6cm

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16
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Am?

A

driest month rf < 6cm but > (10- (marf/25))

marf: mean annual rf

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17
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Aw?

A

“savannah”

rf in driest month < (10- marf/25)

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18
Q

Koeppen’s classification: As?

A

coromandal i.e. rainshadow region

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19
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BS?

A

if annual rf> 0.5* (20T + x),

where x=

  • 280 if 7% of total rf is in summer
  • 140 if 30-70% of total rf is in summer
  • 0 if <30% of total rf is in summer
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20
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BW?

A

if annual rf < 0.5* (20T + x),

where x=

  • 280 if 7% of total rf is in summer
  • 140 if 30-70% of total rf is in summer
  • 0 if <30% of total rf is in summer
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21
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BSh?

A

semiarid/steppe- tropical grassland or grassland of low latitude

evap> precipitation

rf >40cm and <76cm

T>18deg C

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22
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BSk?

A

semiarid/steppe- Mid latitude grassland

evap> precipitation

rf> 40cm and <76 cm

T<18deg C

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23
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BWh?

A

arid/tropical desert

evap>> precipitation

rf< 40cm

T> 18 deg C

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24
Q

Koeppen’s classification: BWk?

A

arid/mid latitude desert

evap>> precipitation

rf<40cm

T<18deg C

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25
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cfa?

A

Humid subtropical

mild humid climate with rf in all months

‘f’: rf>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)

‘a’: at least one month T>22deg C and at least 4 months with avg annual T >10 deg C

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26
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cfb?

A

Temperate Oceanic

mild humid climate with rf in all months

‘f’: rf>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)

‘b’: all months T<22deg C and at least 4 months with avg annual T >10 deg C

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27
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cfc?

A

Subpolar Oceanic

mild humid climate with rf in all months

‘f’: rf>3cm (here evaporation is less as compared to tropics so criteria for ‘f’ is lower)

1-3 months >10deg C

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28
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cwa?

A

Monsoon influenced humid subtropical

mild humid climate with dry winter

‘w’: wettest summer month’s rf= 10X rf in driest winter month

‘a’: at least one month > 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T > 10deg C

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29
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cwb?

A

Monsoon influenced Temperate Oceanic or Subtropical Highland

mild humid climate with dry winter

‘w’: wettest summer month’s rf= 10X rf in driest winter month

‘b’: all months < 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T > 10deg C

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30
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Cwc?

A

Monsoon influenced sub polar oceanic OR cold sub tropical highland

mild humid climate with dry winter

‘w’: wettest summer month’s rf= 10X rf in driest winter month

‘c’: 1-3 months > 10 deg C

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31
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Csa?

A

Hot summer Mediterranean

mild humid climate with dry summer

‘s’: any summer month rf <3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer

‘a’: at least one month > 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T > 10deg C

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32
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Csb?

A

Warm summer Mediterranean

mild humid climate with dry summer

‘s’: any summer month rf <3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer

‘b’: all months < 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T > 10deg C

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33
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Csc?

A

Cold summer mediterranean

mild humid climate with dry summer

‘s’: any summer month rf <3cm and rf in wettest month in winter=3X rf in driest month in summer

‘c’: 1-3 months > 10 deg C

34
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dfa?

A

Hot summer humid continental

‘f’: rf throughout the yr

‘a’: at least one month > 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T > 10deg C

35
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dfb?

A

Warm summer humid continental

‘f’: rf throughout the yr

‘b’: all months < 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T > 10deg C

36
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dfc?

A

subarctic

‘f’: rf throughout the yr

‘c’: 1-3 months > 10 deg C

37
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dfd?

A

extremely cold subarctic

‘f’: rf throughout the yr

‘d’: coldest month < -38deg C and 1-3 months > 10deg C

38
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dsa?

A

Mediterranean influenced hot summer humid continental

‘s’: dry summer

‘a’: at least one month > 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T > 10deg C

39
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dsb?

A

Mediterranean influenced warm summer humid continental

‘s’: dry summer

‘b’: all months < 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T > 10deg C

40
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dsc?

A

Mediterranean influenced subarctic

‘s’: dry summer

‘c’: 1-3 months > 10 deg C

41
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dsd?

A

Mediterranean influenced extremely cold subarctic

‘s’: dry summer

‘d’: coldest month < -38deg C and 1-3 months > 10deg C

42
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dwa?

A

MOnsoon influenced hot summer humid continental

‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type

‘a’: at least one month > 22deg C and at least 4 months witgh their avg T > 10deg C

43
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dwb?

A

Monsoon influenced warm summer humid continental

‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type

‘b’: all months < 22deg C and at least 4 months with their avg T > 10deg C

44
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dwc?

A

Monsoon influenced sub arctic

‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type

‘c’: 1-3 months > 10 deg C

45
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Dwd?

A

Monsoon influenced extremely cold subarctic

‘w’: Dry winters- taiga type

‘d’: coldest month < -38deg C and 1-3 months > 10deg C

46
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Et?

A

Tundra type

warmest month T <10 deg C but > 0deg C

47
Q

Koeppen’s classification: Ef?

A

Ice cap type

warmest month T <0deg C

48
Q

Koeppen divided INdia into? names?

A

NIne climatic regions

  1. Amw- Monsoon type with short dry winter
  2. As- Monsoon type with dry season in high sun period
  3. Aw- Tropical Savannah type
  4. BShw- Semi arid Steppe type
  5. BWhw- Hot desert type
  6. Cwg- MOnsoon type with dry winters
  7. Dfc- Cold, HUmid winter with shorter summer
  8. Et- Tundra type
  9. E-polar type
49
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: Amw?

A
  • western coastal region, south of Mumbai
  • over 300cm rf
50
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: As?

A

rf occurs in winter and summer is dry

Coastal TN and adjoining areas of AndhraP

rf 75-100 cm, from retreating monsoon in winter

51
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: Aw?

A

in most of Peninsualr plateau except coromandel and Malabar coast

northern boundary roughly along TroCancer

rf ~75 cm in summer season

52
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: BShw?

A

some rainshadow area of Western Ghats, large part of RJ and contiguous areas of Haryana and GJ

rf=12-25cm, mostly in summer

53
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: BWhw?

A

most of western RJ

rf<12cm

temp very high

vegetation almost absent

54
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: Cwg?

A

in most of Ganga Plain, east RJ, Assam and in Malwa pla.

temp: 40o in summer to 27o in winter

80-200cm rf mostly in summer

55
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: Dfc?

A

NE states such as Sikkim, ArunachalP and parts of Assam

WInters are cold, humid and of long duration; short but humid summers

>100cm rf

56
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: Et?

A

in mountain areas of UK

57
Q

Koeppen’s classification of India: E?

A

higher areas of J&K and HP

covered with snow for most of the yr

58
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: names?

A
  1. AA’r: Tropical wet climate
  2. BA’w: tropical humid
  3. BB’w: temperate humid
  4. CA’w
  5. CA’w’
  6. CB’w: temperate subhumid
  7. DA’w: tropical semi-arid
  8. DB’d: temperate semi-arid
  9. DB’w
  10. D’: Taiga
  11. E’: cold Tundra type
  12. EA’d: extremely hot and dry
59
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: AA’r?

A

tropical wet

P/E as well as T/E index >128

rf occurs in all seasonsdense rainforest grow

along west coast and in Tripura and Mizoram

60
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: BA’w?

A

tropical humid

T/E>128 but P/E is 64-127

rf is deficient in winter

thick forests grow

on eastern slopes of WG and in WB

61
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: BB’w?

A

temperate humid

P/E and T/E: 64-127

rf is defecient in winter

abundant vegetation growth

mainly in pats of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoam and Nagaland

62
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: CA’w?

A

T/E >128 and P/E= 32-63

comparatively dry climate

suitable for grasslands only

large parts of peninsular India

63
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: CA’w’?

A

similar to CA’w, except rf occurs in winter

most of TN and neighbouring parts of AndhraP

64
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: CB’w?

A

temperate subhumid

covers most of northern plain of India

T/E=64-127 and P/E= 32-63

suitable for grasslands

65
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: DA’w?

A

tropical semi-arid

T/E:> 128 and P/E= 16-31

steppe type of vegetation

northern GJ and southern RJ

66
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India:DB’d?

A

temperate semi-arid

rf is deficient in all seasons

T/E= 64-127 and P/E=16-31

steppe veg

in J&K

67
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: DB’w?

A

similar to DB’d, except that rf is deficient in winter

Parts of PJ, Haryana and RJ as well as some rainshadow regions in Peninsular INdia

68
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: D’?

A

taiga type

T/E= 16-31

J&K, HP, PJ and UK; AP, Sikkim and parts upper Assam in east

69
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: E’?

A

cold tundra type

in higher reaches of HImalayas

70
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India:

71
Q

Thornwaite’s classification of climatic regions in India: EA’d?

A

extremely hot and dry

T/E >128 and P/E<16

rf deficient throughout the yr

western parts of RJ

72
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions: recognised how many major climates of world? names? which ones found in India?

A
  1. A: Tropical humid
  2. B: Dry
  3. C: Humid mesothermal
  4. D: Humid microthermal
  5. E: Boreal
  6. F: Polar

He also recognised H as undifferentiated climate of highlands

only for found in India: A,B,C and H

73
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Am?

A

Tropical monsoon type

avg annual temp of 27deg C

annual rf >250cm

western coastal plain and Tripura

74
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Aw?

A

Tropical wet and Dry aka Savannah type

avg T of 27deg C bt annual rf ~100cm

entire rf in summer

most of peninsular plateau and Mizoram

75
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Bs?

A

semi arid or steppe type

in rainshadow regions of WG

avg temp >27deg C

rf<100cm, maily in summer

supports grassland

76
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Bsh?

A

tropical and subtropical desert climate

avg T>27deg C

rf=50-100cm

Large parts of GJ, RJ and SW Haryana

77
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Bwh?

A

middle latitude desert

west RJ and Katchh of GJ

T>27deg C

rf~20cm

supports only thorny bushes

78
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: Caw?

A

winter temp<18deg C

most of rf in summer, amt decreases from east to west; though summer rf in winter due to western disturbances

most of northern plain

79
Q

Trewartha’s classification of climatic regions in India: H?

A

undifferentiated highlands where T are invariably low

snowfall in winter in higher areas

rf in summer as well as winter (due to western dis)

most of Himalayan region, incl J&K, HP, UK, Sikkim and Arunachal P

80
Q

Hydrological Cycle: intro?

A

The hydrological cycle refers to a model of exchange of water over the surface of the earth from oceans via atmosphere, continents (land surface), and back to the oceans

81
Q

Hydrological Cycle:

Physical Geography (8 decks)

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