Climate Change Is Altering High Latitude Oceans

Question 1

How many people live bordering the Arctic Ocean?

Answer 1

4 million

Question 2

Who are the native people?

Answer 2

Inuit and Chukchi

Question 3

What do the natives hunt?

Answer 3

Walrus and seals

Question 4

Why is hunting becoming more dangerous? (2)

Answer 4

Thinning ice and decreasing cover
Severe weather

Question 5

How far can countries claim the sea bed?

Answer 5

Maximum of 280km beyond their EEZ

Question 6

What sort of resources do countries want rights to?

Answer 6

Non-living (oil, gas, minerals)

Question 7

Where did Russia put its flag?

Answer 7

Lomonsov ridge - submarine mountain chain

Question 8

What event is happening in all bordering countries?

Answer 8

Militarization

Question 9

Who is the main conflict between?

Answer 9

USA and Russia

Question 10

What is the impact of warming on mineral reserves?

Answer 10

Warming melts sea ice and tundra revealing vast reserves

Question 11

How much oil is in the Arctic?

Answer 11

90 billion barrels

Question 12

How much natural gas is in the Arctic?

Answer 12

47 billion m cubed

Question 13

Who wants to recover the reserves?

Answer 13

Global transnational corporations (energy and mining)

Question 14

Who adjudicates the conflicts?

Answer 14

UNCLOS

Question 15

When did the first unescorted cargo ship sail through the North West Passage?

Answer 15

2014

Question 16

Why do shipping companies have interest in the North West Passage and Northern Sea Route?

Answer 16

Reducing costs by the cutting of distance

Question 17

What distance does the Northern Sea Route cut?

Answer 17

East Asia and Europe/ North America

Question 18

How could using the trade routes increase costs? (4)

Answer 18

High fuel consumption
Experienced crew needed for Arctic conditions
Higher insurance
Escorting ice breaker

Question 19

How many ships are expected to be operating in the Artic Ocean by 2025?

Answer 19

200-300

Question 20

Who manages the Arctic Ocean?

Answer 20

The Arctic Council

Question 21

There is no comprehensive treaty protecting the Arctic from economic activities. True or false?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Who were some of the original members of the Arctic council?

Answer 22

Canada, USA, Russia, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland