climate change

Question 1

conservation biology challenges

Answer 1

-climate change
-habitat loss and fragmentation
-over exploitation
-invasive species
-pollution

Question 2

what human health impacts does climate change cause

Answer 2

1.) temperature extremes
-3-5x more hot
-urban areas even hotter
2.) Asthma
-more CO2, more pollen, more allergies
3.) Disease
-warmer weather increases vector abundance–> they do not die, as winters are not strong enough to kill em
4.) food systems
-certain plants need a specific weather to grow to its best
-cows producing 5% less milk
- insect herbivory increasing

Question 3

What are the global effects of climate change

Answer 3

1.) increased evaporation
-more intense precipitation: hot air holds water better
-intense hurricanes in the N atlantic, stops in land, but warmer water drives it
2.)More frequent droughts
-there is more rainfall per year but it will be in fewer increments, and since the floor will be dry nothing it will not absorb, does not perculate down
–> less food, more wild fires
–> water shortage
3.)Changes in temperature patterns
4.) Sea level rise

Question 4

What are the greenhouse gases in the natural enviorment

Answer 4

h20
-Evaporation from bodies of water water surface of the land and plant leaves
CO2
decomposition,
respiration or organisms,
volcanic erruptions
CH4
anaerobic decomposition
N2O
wet soils, low o2 water bodies
O3
-Uv radiation breaking upp o2 moleucles in atm

Question 5

What are the greenhouse gases from humans

Answer 5

H20-not human
CH4
livestock
production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil
decomposition in landfills
CO2
combustion of fossil fuels
CFCS
aerosol, refrigerators, ac
N2O
agriculture and industrial activities
combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste
decomposition in landfill
O3
-precursor chemicals from industry and transportation,
stays ground level, when natural is high high up

Question 6

What does the keeling curve show

Answer 6

show how the earth breathes
in the summer breathes in due to high intenstiy bloom of plants
winter co2 is out, via leaves that wil be sucked back into the ground

Question 7

What does the Seuss effect show

Answer 7

-basically shows that there is now a negative C isotope ratio in the atmosphere
-burnign of fossil fuels is due to coal being compressed plant matter, that has this negative ratio, so we are putting it back into the air, reducing the carbon isotope ratio, and keeps decreasing as we dump fossil fuels into the air

Question 8

what is fractionation

Answer 8

process of taking C isotope and changing it to other C, to make process easier/
choosing the isotope that you like keeping more C13 in the air
-makes atm in plant more negative than what is in the air–> not alot of C to begin with, small amounts of co2 and CH4 (methane)

Question 9

What isotope do plants prefer for photosynthesis

Answer 9

C12,
C13 is left in atm

Question 10

What does the Hockey stick graph show?

Answer 10

Shows that temperature measured from anywhere is fluctuating in the same path

Question 11

What does climate change effect globally

Answer 11

-increased evaporation
-more frequent drought
-changes in temperature patterns
-sea level rises

Question 12

Explain increased evaporation

-part of climate change, and its global effects

Answer 12

-more intense precipitation
-intense hurricans in North Atlantic–>hurricans are driven by moisture, and warm water makes them faster, will stop when get to land
this is due to the idea that warm air holds more water, so it will have these intense but infrequent rainfall

Question 13

Explain how droughts are going to be more frequent

Answer 13

-There will be more rainfall per year but in fewer increments, where you will get longer bouts with no rain, and then when it does have this intense fall, it will not percolate, but instead run off the ground
-lack aquifer replenishing
-less food more wildfires

Question 14

Explain some changes in temperature pattern

Answer 14

The differet pressures explained with the polar vortex. help to drive jet stream
-circular wind pattern that circulate the top of the cold
-this keeps the warm temperature to the south of the pole and cold temperatures north of it
-The temperature differential is what drives this. and so with there is less of a change, the cold air is going to start slipping through to below

Question 15

Polar Vortex

Answer 15

This is the idea that there is low pressure in the poles, and high pressure at 60 N,

Question 16

How are sea levels rising

Answer 16

Thermal expansion- so water is heating up, and expanding (mosh pitt effect), where they are bouncing off each other
-so in warmer areas this is where sea level rising will be the most dominant, as it is expanidng so much (sun is right there all up on em)
-Melting ice

Question 17

How does climate change impact animals and ecosystems

Answer 17

1.) Extinctions
2.) Range Shifts
-animals have a specific tolerance
and if they have a bad dispersal bye
bye
3.) Change in phenology
-some animals do things according to weather
others due it towards day lengt, so when they migrate they expect resources to be there, and theres a possibility of this not happening
4.) Morphological and physiological changes
-animals getting smaller

Question 18

what was the first animal (mammal) to go extinct due to climate change

Answer 18

Bramble cay melomys