Climate/Biome

Question 1

Hadley cell

Answer 1

Equator to ~30* latitude, keeps rainforests wet and deserts dry.

Question 2

Ferrel cell

Answer 2

~30 to ~60* latitude creates temperate biomes.

Question 3

Polar cell

Answer 3

~60* to poles, keeps extremely dry and cold air in circulation.

Question 4

Adaptations of xerophytes

Answer 4

Waxy cuticles, no or few leaves, nocturnal flowering, deep tap roots, CAM photosynthesis.

Question 5

Grassland plant adaptation

Answer 5

Deep roots to acquire competed resources, lowered meristem, narrow leaves.

Question 6

Tundra vegetation adaptations

Answer 6

Tough bark, dark pigments and antifreeze proteins.

Question 7

Rainfall in biomes

Answer 7

1. Rainforest 2000mm
2. Temperate forest 1000mm
3. Deserts <200mm
4. Tundra 500mm

Question 8

Grassland soil type

Answer 8

Mollisols - brown earths

Question 9

Tundra shrub

Answer 9

Betula nana (dwarf birch) and lonicera caerulea (blueberry)

Question 10

Winter moth

Answer 10

Operophtera brumale

Question 11

Climate related overgrazing

Answer 11

Winter moth can graze year round in scandinavia thanks to global warming.

Question 12

Wildebeest

Answer 12

Cannochaetes taurinus

Question 13

Precipitaion overgrazing example

Answer 13

Decreased rainfall in savannah means more grazing pressure from wildebeest.

Question 14

Savannah trees

Answer 14

Acacia spp.

Question 15

Caribou

Answer 15

Rangifer tarandus

Question 16

Upslope migration

Answer 16

Pushes mountain-thriving plants up the slope of the mountain due to vegetation changes and climate changes. Ends in “summit trap”.

Question 17

Example for summit trap

Answer 17

Saxifraga oppositifolia

Question 18

Snow leopard

Answer 18

Panthera uncia

Question 19

Rain shadow effect

Answer 19

Mountain ranges along coasts have a distinct wet and dry side.

Question 20

Orographic precipitation

Answer 20

Air being forced upwards in a mountain range causes precipitation.