climate

Question 1

what is the quaternary period

Answer 1

last 2.6mil years

Question 2

temp trend over last 5.5 million years

Answer 2

overall decrease - 2 to around -9 degrees

Question 3

last 400 years trebd

Answer 3

spikes over 100k year periods, extended high for rn which has an average higher than entire quaternary period

Question 4

trend last 137 yrs

Answer 4

since 1880 average global temp increased by 0.85 degrees

Question 5

what is eccentricity

Answer 5

earths orbit around the sun shape - circular or elliptical. over 100000 years, 5-6 degree change

Question 6

what is precession

Answer 6

earth wobbles on its axis causing areas to be more direct to sun, 26000 years, 2-3 degrees

Question 7

what is axial tilt

Answer 7

earths axis changes from 21.5 to 24.5 degrees every 41000 years, change temp by 2-3 degrees

Question 8

what is solar activity

Answer 8

dark patch on the suns surface which give off more heat. 11 year period of heightened and lowered activity, can create small ice ages

Question 9

volcanic activity what is

Answer 9

ash (short term) blocks out sun reduce temp. long term sulphur dioxide will condense into sulphuric acid and act as greenhouse gas. can both higher and lower temp

Question 10

agriculture fact

Answer 10

accounts for 20% of gg emissions, 1 cow produce 50l of methane a day

Question 11

deforestation 1 fact

Answer 11

if carry on all trfs gone in 100 years.

Question 12

fossil fuel fact

Answer 12

fossil fuel emissions 50% of all gg emissions and 11 gigatons a year

Question 13

mitigate fossil fuels

Answer 13

renewable energy. 25% of Iceland energy from geothermal

Question 14

mitigate deforestation

Answer 14

planting 1mil would soak up 25% of carbon emissions, trees soak up 6 gigatons carbon a year

Question 15

carbon capture and storage

Answer 15

chemicals attach to carbon only which is then purified and stored underground. plant in Iceland captures 4k tonnes a year

Question 16

mitigation global agreements

Answer 16

rich countries gave poorer ones $100bil to reduce carbon emissions, agreed to keep climate change under 1.5 degrees

Question 17

adaptation - sea level rise

Answer 17

Maldives building islands 2.5m above sea level with sea walls 3m high whereas before they were 1.5m above sea level

Question 18

adaptation - agriculture

Answer 18

50% of earths land used by it. vertical farming uses 90% less water and 390x more crops per square foot

Question 19

adaptation - water

Answer 19

the himalayas make ice stupas or fake glaciers which provide 10mil litres of water per year

Question 20

how will water change bc of climate change

Answer 20

diseases found in hot climates will be found in more places

Question 21

how will agriculture change climate change

Answer 21

countries closer to equator will struggle to grow crops

Question 22

sea level climate change effects

Answer 22

sea levels expected to rise between 26 and 82 cm