climate

Question 1

Thermosphere

Answer 1

A virtual vacuum; rise in absorbed energy due to energised short wave radiation.

Question 2

Mesosphere

Answer 2

Temperatures decrease because decreasing density prevents the absorption of energy.

Question 3

Stratosphere

Answer 3

Lacks dust and water vapour; stable; thin; increase in temperature with height due to absorption of solar radiation

Question 4

Toposphere

Answer 4

Most weather processed happen here; fall in temperature with height as atmosphere thins.

Question 5

Albedo

Answer 5

the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface

Question 6

Sun spots

Answer 6

more sun sports more radiation less sun sports more insulation.

Question 7

Earths orbit

Answer 7

When orbit is more elliptical the summers and winters are more extreme. Summers are warmer.

Circular orbit means more constant temp. and is associated with warmer periods.

Question 8

Long-wave Radiation

Answer 8

radiation of energy form the earth.

Question 9

Convection

Answer 9

the transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid.

Question 10

Conduction

Answer 10

the transfer or heat by contact.

Question 11

Greenhouse effect

Answer 11

process by which certain gasses ( greenhouse gasses)

• allow short wave radiation from the sun to pass through the atmosphere
• but trap an increasing proportion of outgoing long wave radiation from the earth.
• increases temperature

Question 12

Enhanced Greenhouse effect

Answer 12

impact of increasing levels of greenhouse gasses In the atmosphere as a result of human activities. Reffered to as global warming.

Question 13

Positive feedback

Answer 13

is when the world is getting warmer due to more insolation which melts ice caps. Ice has a higher albedo therefore reflects more light. Less ice means more heat energy absorbed which means more warming and hence more ice melting. This becomes a cycle where the world temperature keeps increases.

Question 14

Negative feedback

Answer 14

there is a conveyer belt like current in near the north pole. It is able to flow due to the warm water above and the cool water below. However, when the ice caps melt there is cold water above as well. This prevents this current of minerals from flowing and leads to a cooling period in Europe.

Question 15

Risk

Answer 15

• the probability of a hazard event

- causing harmful consequences (loss of life, injuries damage)

Question 16

Vulnerability

Answer 16

the geographical conditions that increases the susceptibility of a community to a hazard or to the impact of a hazard event.

Question 17

Perception

Answer 17

to what extent people believe they will be affected by climate change

Question 18

Ways in which climate change can effect a country

Answer 18

social, political, environmental and economical

Question 19

Mitigation

Answer 19

Efforts to reduce green house gas emissions and enhance sinks (forest areas ) are referred to as “mitigation”.

Question 20

Adaptation

Answer 20

refers to the actions that countries will need to take to respond to the impacts of climate change that are already happening, while at the same time preparing for future impacts. It refers to changes in processes.