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Science 10-1 > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

1
Q

What is weather?

A

Atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time.

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2
Q

What is climate?

A

Average weather conditions in a region over a period of several years (minimum 30 years)

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3
Q

What is anecdotal evidence?

A

Things we see/experience

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4
Q

What is scientific evidence?

A

Fasts/dta using numbers or measurements

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5
Q

What is narrow climate?

A

Doesn’t vary much

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6
Q

What is wide climate?

A

varies a lot

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7
Q

What is moderate climate?

A

mild; not too cold or hot

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8
Q

What is severe climate?

A

extreme; hot or cold

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9
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

narrow zone around Earth that can support life

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10
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

All the air

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11
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

all the water

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12
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

all the land

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13
Q

What are the four layers of the atmosphere? (lowest to highest)

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

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14
Q

What is the troposphere?

A

surface -> 10km

temp is 15 to -60

contains 80% of atmospheric gases, and most living organisms

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15
Q

What is the stratosphere?

A

10km -> 50km

temp is -60 to 0

contains the ozone layer (O3)

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16
Q

What is the mesosphere?

A

50km -> 80km

temp is 0 to -100

contains trace water vapour

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17
Q

What is the thermosphere?

A

80km -> 300km

temp is -100 to +1500

contains very little gas

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18
Q

What is inversion?

A

reversal of temperature change with altitude (expected to get colder with height, but in the stratosphere and thermosphere it gets hotter)

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19
Q

What is the sun to the Earth?

A

Source of all energy

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20
Q

What are the waves on the electromagnetic spectrum? (fastest to slowest)

A

gamma rays, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radiowaves

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21
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A

used in chemo therapy to kill cancer cells

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22
Q

What are ultraviolet rays used for?

A

Absorbed by the skin, this is why we need sunscreen

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23
Q

What is visible light for?

A

what we see; each colour is a different wavelength

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24
Q

What are infrared rays used for?

A

they transmit heat

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25
What is the angle of inclination?
The angle of the axis between the North and South Pole (23.5)
26
What is a solstice?
points in Earth's orbit where the poles are pointed most towards or away from the sun
27
What is an equinox?
days where the number of daylight hours is exactly equal to the number of nighttime hours
28
What are latitudes?
The way earth is split (equator is 0 degrees, poles are 90 degrees)
29
What is the angle of incidence?
Angle between the sunray and surface of the Earth (the bigger angle the mroe direct the sunlight)
30
What components affect the sunlight absorbed by the biosphere?
- cloud coverage - different gases in the atmosphere
31
What is albedo?
percent of solar radiation a material reflects
32
What is the greenhouse effect?
heat gets trapped in the atmosphere, and keeps heat close to Earth
33
What is the natural greenhouse effect?
Good; keeps the Earth warm. Without it the atmospheric temp would be below 0. made of watervapour, carbon dioxide, etc
34
What is the artifical greenhouse effect?
Caused by human activity; adding more gases into the atmosphere and traps more heat. made of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc
35
What is incoming radiation?
solar energy that makes it to the surface of the earth (not reflected)
36
What is outgoing radiation?
Thermal energy Earth's surface re-emits into space (not trapped in the atmosphere)
37
What is the radiation budget?
Generally balanced for whole planet polar regions have a heat deficit equator regions have a heat surplus
38
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
heat always moves from hot to cold
39
What is radiation?
thermal energy transfer in gases, a vacuum
40
What is conduction?
thermal energy transfer in solids
41
What is convection?
thermal energy transfer in fluids (liquids and gases)
42
What is atmospheric pressure?
Pressure exerted by a column of air over any given point (colder air exerts mroe pressure since it is more dense)
43
What is wind?
movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure
44
What is the coriolis effect?
bending of moving currents in response to Earth's rotation causes winds in each hemisphere to move opposite directions
45
What are jet streams?
a ''river'' of fast flowing winds in the stratosphere changes in jet streams help predict severe weather
46
What is specific heat capacity?
Amount of energy to raise the temperature of one gram of substances by one degree celsius
47
What is quantity of thermal energy?
Amount of thermal energy released by one gram of a substance when its temperature chagnaed by one degree
48
What is heat of fusion?
amount of energy released or absorbed during a phase change between ad solid and liquid
49
What is heat of vaporization?
amount of energy released or absorbed during a phase change between a liquid and gas
50
What are biomes?
areas with a specific climate and adaptations they are open systems as energy and matter is able to enter and leave
51
What is the tundra?
bitter cold, high winds, little rainfall, permafrost, many animals hibernate in colder months
52
What is the taiga?
cold, lots of snow, annimals have thick fur, trees have needles instead of leaves
53
What is the deciduous forest?
mild, lots of rain, trees lose leaves in winter and have thick bark, has very distinct seasons
54
What is the grassland?
mild, some rain, plants have deep rooots for moisture in droughts, usually have a rich top soil and seasonal drought and fires
55
What is the rainforest?
hot, heavy rainfall, plants have broad leaves, animals have camouflage, has a closed tree canopy so less light on floor
56
What is the desert?
very hot at day and cold at night, very little precipitation, plants and animals have water storage
57
What are climatographs?
graph showing the average temperature and precipitation of a location over an year
58
What is average temp plotted in?
They are plotted in a line graph adn measured in degrees celsius
59
What is average precipitation plotted in?
They are plotted in a bar graph and measured in mm
60
How does insolation effect climate?
Most related to latitude, biggest effect on climate
61
How do global winds effect climate?
Patterns can determine short term weather
62
How do ocean currents effect climate?
they have a moderating effect.
63
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
measure of the relative ability to trap thermal energy in the atmosphere (CO2 is the reference point)
64
What is persistence?
how many years a gas will remain in the atmosphere
65
What are halo carbons?
Another class of man made chemicals that can trap thermal energy in the atmosphere
66
What is a carbon source?
process that release carbon into the atmosphere
67
What is a carbon sink?
processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere
68
What is some evidence for global warming?
- flowers in Northern Hemisphere begun to bloom earlier - incidence of extreme weather events that have been increasing - snow cover in polar regions decreased - average level and temperature of Earth's oceans are increasing

Science 10-1 (3 decks)

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