CLEP History Flashcards
Characteristics of Enlightened Rulers
- rejected absolutism and divine right
- religious toleration and education
- acted impulsively–change at a fast rate
Louis XIV represents the concept of _____
absolutism
Martin Luther’s stance on the Peasant’s War
He turned against the rebels and defined the authorities’ moves to put them down
What did the Peace of Augsburg do
- Declared the Prince’s rebellion to be the official religion of a region/country
- led to toleration of Lutheranism
French Protestants
Huguenots
What did the Edict of Nantes do
Ended the French civil war regarding Protestantism/Catholicism; reaffirms Catholicism to be the official religion in France but granted other religious freedoms
This French ruler was described as one who care more about his nation’s peace and prosperity than the enforcement of religious toleration
Henry IV
What led to the sailing of the Spanish Armada
- Elizabeth I’s religious tolerance and executions of Mary Queen of Scots
- Elizabeth’s assisting the Netherlands
Who ruled Spain at the time of Queen Elizabeth’s rule in England?
Philip II (very religiously intolerant)
What led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada
-England use new tactics while Spain used outdated ones
What sparked the 30 Years War
Defenestration of Prague where Protestants threw Catholic ambassadors out of a window
What was the 30 Years War fought over
originally about religion; ended up being a war against the Hapsburgs
French leader during the 30 Years War
Cardinal Richelieu who put national interests over religion (he funded Protestant groups)
Who won the 30 Years War
France (Richelieu) and Sweeden (Gustavus Adolphus)
Results of Treaty of Westphalia
- 30 Years War ended
- France dominant European power
- Dutch independence
- Swiss independent
- Germans could select Calvinism
- Protestantism tolerated*
- Spain loses a lot
Initiated the first English translation of the Bible, precursor to Prot. Reformation
John Wycliffe
This declared Luther a heretic, allowing him to be killed, but due to his popularity he didn’t have to worry
Edits of Worms
Tenets of Lutheranism
- education for all, including women
- gender roles enforced
- clergy can marry
- salvation by faith alone
Zwingli’s tenets
- Baptism and Communion (like Luther)
- Church=ultimate authority
This gave Huguenots freedom to worship
Edit of Nantes
Results of the Council of Trent
- reasserts supremacy of clerics over laity
- reformed indulgences
- reformed transubstantiation
- showed that Protestantism and Catholicism were so different the two could not be reconciled**
This religious society appeared after the Counter-Reformation to convert Protestant to Catholicism
Jesuits
Result of Treaty of Tordesillas
Land in the new world was divided between Spain and Portugal
Who did Pizarro conquer in the new world
Incan empire
