CLB 9 to 10 flashcards
Definition: To reduce in degree, intensity, or amount; to lessen or diminish.
Word: Abate (?-‘bat)
Example 1: The storm finally began to abate after several hours of heavy rain.
Example 2: The noise from the construction site will abate once the workers leave for the day.
Definition: To shorten by omitting parts without sacrificing the core content.
Word: Abridge (?-‘brij)
Example 1: The editor abridged the lengthy novel to make it more readable.
Example 2: The company offers an abridged version of the report for quick review.
Definition: To free from guilt, responsibility, or obligation.
Word: Absolve (?b-‘zälv)
Example 1: The court absolved him of all charges.
Example 2: She was absolved from blame after the investigation.
Definition: To gather or pile up, often gradually over time.
Word: Accumulate (?-‘kyü-m(y)?-?lat)
Example 1: Over the years, she accumulated a vast collection of books.
Example 2: Dust has accumulated on the shelves since the last cleaning.
Definition: To stick firmly to something; to remain loyal or attached.
Word: Adhere (ad-‘hir)
Example 1: The glue will adhere to most surfaces easily.
Example 2: She adheres to her principles despite societal pressures.
Definition: To warn or reprimand someone gently but firmly.
Word: Admonish (ad-‘mä-nish)
Example 1: The teacher admonished the students for their unruly behavior.
Example 2: He was admonished by his friend for making hasty decisions.
Definition: Excessive praise or admiration.
Word: Adulation (?a-j?-‘la-sh?n)
Example 1: The actor was overwhelmed by the adulation of his fans.
Example 2: Her performance earned her adulation from both critics and audiences.
Definition: Harmful or unfavorable; acting against or in opposition.
Word: Adverse (‘ad-?v?rs)
Example 1: The adverse weather conditions forced the cancellation of the event.
Example 2: He suffered from an adverse reaction to the medication.
Definition: To publicly support or recommend a particular cause or policy.
Word: Advocate (‘ad-v?-k?t)
Example 1: She advocates for better healthcare for children.
Example 2: He is an advocate for environmental conservation.
Definition: Relating to beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Word: Aesthetic (es-‘the-tik)
Example 1: The aesthetic appeal of the building was undeniable.
Example 2: She has a keen aesthetic sense, especially in interior design.
Definition: To have an influence on; to produce a change.
Word: Affect (?-‘fekt)
Example 1: The new tax laws will affect small businesses the most.
Example 2: The drought has severely affected the crops in the region.
Definition: Having a great deal of wealth; prosperous.
Word: Affluent (‘a-flü-?nt)
Example 1: They live in an affluent neighborhood with luxurious homes.
Example 2: His affluent lifestyle allows him to travel frequently.
Definition: To make something less severe; to relieve.
Word: Alleviate (?-‘le-ve-?at)
Example 1: The medication helped to alleviate her pain.
Example 2: Efforts are being made to alleviate the housing crisis.
Definition: To distribute resources or duties for a specific purpose.
Word: Allocate (‘a-l?-?kat)
Example 1: The company allocated funds for the new project.
Example 2: The government allocated additional resources to healthcare.
Definition: Open to more than one interpretation; unclear or vague.
Word: Ambiguous (am-‘bi-gy?-w?s)
Example 1: His answer was ambiguous, leaving everyone confused.
Example 2: The ending of the movie was purposefully ambiguous.
Definition: To make changes to a document, policy, or law in order to improve it.
Word: Amend (?-‘mend)
Example 1: The committee voted to amend the constitution.
Example 2: The teacher amended the rules to better suit the students’ needs.
Definition: Having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor.
Word: Amicable (‘a-mi-k?-b?l)
Example 1: They reached an amicable agreement after hours of negotiation.
Example 2: The divorce was amicable, and they remained on good terms.
Definition: More than enough; plentiful.
Word: Ample (‘am-p?l)
Example 1: The room had ample space for all the guests.
Example 2: There is ample evidence to support the claims.
Definition: Strong hostility or opposition.
Word: Animosity (?a-n?-‘mä-s?-te)
Example 1: There is a long history of animosity between the two countries.
Example 2: He felt a deep animosity towards his rival.
Definition: To cause someone to become hostile; to irritate or provoke.
Word: Antagonize (an-‘ta-g?-?niz)
Example 1: His remarks only served to antagonize the audience.
Example 2: Don’t antagonize your sister by teasing her.
Definition: A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
Word: Antithesis (an-‘ti-th?-s?s)
Example 1: Love is the antithesis of hate.
Example 2: His actions were the antithesis of what he claimed to believe.
Definition: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
Word: Apathy (‘a-p?-the)
Example 1: The voter turnout was low, reflecting widespread apathy.
Example 2: There was an alarming sense of apathy among the students.
Definition: Anxious or fearful that something bad will happen.
Word: Apprehensive (?a-pri-‘hen-siv)
Example 1: She was apprehensive about the upcoming exam.
Example 2: He felt apprehensive as he waited for the results.
Definition: Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.
Word: Arbitrary (‘är-b?-?trer-e)
Example 1: The decision seemed arbitrary and lacked a clear explanation.
Example 2: The manager made an arbitrary ruling without consulting anyone.
Definition: Very old or old-fashioned; no longer in common use.
Word: Archaic (är-‘ka-ik)
Example 1: The museum displayed archaic tools used by early humans.
Example 2: His views on gender roles are considered archaic by today’s standards.
Definition: Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
Word: Arduous (‘är-j?-w?s)
Example 1: Climbing the mountain was an arduous task, but they were determined.
Example 2: The team faced an arduous journey through the desert.
Definition: Able to express thoughts and feelings clearly and effectively.
Word: Articulate (är-‘ti-ky?-l?t)
Example 1: She is an articulate speaker who captivates her audience.
Example 2: He was unable to articulate his thoughts during the heated debate.
Definition: To find out or learn with certainty.
Word: Ascertain (?a-s?r-‘tan)
Example 1: The detective tried to ascertain the cause of the accident.
Example 2: We need to ascertain the facts before making a decision.
Definition: To have a strong desire or ambition to achieve something.
Word: Aspire (?-‘spi(-?)r)
Example 1: She aspires to become a world-renowned scientist.
Example 2: Many students aspire to gain admission to prestigious universities.
Definition: The expression of approval or agreement.
Word: Assent (?-‘sent)
Example 1: He nodded in assent when asked if he agreed with the proposal.
Example 2: The mayor gave his assent to the new policy.
Definition: To state or declare confidently and forcefully.
Word: Assert (?-‘s?rt)
Example 1: He asserted his right to speak at the meeting.
Example 2: She asserted that she was innocent of all charges.
Definition: A useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.
Word: Asset (‘a-?set)
Example 1: Her communication skills are a great asset to the team.
Example 2: His ability to remain calm under pressure is a valuable asset.
Definition: To achieve or reach something through effort.
Word: Attain (?-‘tan)
Example 1: She worked hard to attain a high level of proficiency in the language.
Example 2: He finally attained his dream of becoming an architect.
Definition: To provide clear evidence of something; to testify.
Word: Attest (?-‘test)
Example 1: His achievements attest to his hard work and dedication.
Example 2: The documents attest to the authenticity of the artifact.
Definition: A quality or characteristic regarded as an inherent part of something or someone.
Word: Attribute (‘a-tr?-?byüt)
Example 1: Her creativity is one of her strongest attributes.
Definition: To prevent or turn away something undesirable.
Word: Avert (?-‘v?rt)
Example 1: She averted her eyes during the gruesome scene in the movie.
Example 2: The government took steps to avert a financial crisis.
Definition: To give a false impression of; to contradict.
Word: Belie (bi-‘li)
Example 1: His calm demeanor belied the nervousness he felt inside.
Example 2: Her youthful appearance belies her age.
Definition: Well-meaning and kindly; generous.
Word: Benevolent (b?-‘ne-v?-l?nt)
Example 1: The benevolent organization provided food and shelter to the homeless.
Example 2: He has a benevolent attitude toward all of his employees.
Definition: Gentle and kind; not harmful.
Word: Benign (bi-‘nin)
Example 1: The tumor was found to be benign and not life-threatening.
Example 2: She had a benign smile that comforted those around her.
Definition: To support or strengthen something.
Word: Bolster (‘bol-st?r)
Example 1: The coach’s encouragement bolstered the team’s confidence.
Example 2: They used additional funds to bolster the project.
Definition: Conciseness; the quality of being brief and to the point.
Word: Brevity (‘bre-v?-te)
Example 1: The speech was appreciated for its brevity and clarity.
Example 2: In the interest of brevity, I’ll summarize the key points.
Definition: A feeling of trust and friendship among a group of people.
Word: Camaraderie (?kä-m?-‘rä-d(?-)re)
Example 1: The camaraderie among the team members was evident during the trip.
Example 2: The soldiers formed a strong camaraderie during their time together.
Definition: Honest and straightforward in speech or expression.
Word: Candid (‘kan-d?d)
Example 1: His candid remarks about the project were appreciated.
Example 2: The journalist’s interview with the actress was refreshingly candid.
Definition: Having a lot of space; roomy.
Word: Capacious (k?-‘pa-sh?s)
Example 1: The capacious suitcase could hold all of their belongings.
Example 2: The hall was capacious enough to host the large event.
Definition: To surrender or give in, often after negotiation.
Word: Capitulate (k?-‘pi-ch?-?lat)
Example 1: The army had to capitulate after weeks of intense fighting.
Example 2: The company capitulated to the union’s demands after the strike.
Definition: To find a way around an obstacle or to avoid something by using clever means.
Word: Circumvent (?s?r-k?m-‘vent)
Example 1: They found a way to circumvent the rules to their advantage.
Example 2: The software was designed to circumvent security restrictions.
Definition: Mercy or leniency shown toward an offender.
Word: Clemency (‘kle-m?n-se)
Example 1: The governor granted clemency to the prisoner.
Example 2: The judge showed clemency in sentencing due to the defendant’s circumstances.
Definition: Logical and consistent; clearly expressed.
Word: Coherent (ko-‘hir-?nt)
Example 1: The argument was coherent and well-supported by evidence.
Example 2: His speech was not coherent, making it difficult to follow.
Definition: Forming a united whole; sticking together.
Word: Cohesive (ko-‘he-siv)
Example 1: The team became more cohesive after the team-building exercises.
Example 2: The glue made the papers cohesive and less likely to fall apart.
Definition: To work together with others to achieve a common goal.
Word: Collaborate (k?-‘la-b?-?rat)
Example 1: The scientists collaborated on the groundbreaking research project.
Example 2: Artists from different genres collaborated to create a new musical piece.
Definition: To praise formally or officially.
Word: Commend (k?-‘mend)
Example 1: The firefighter was commended for his bravery during the rescue.
Example 2: The teacher commended the students for their hard work.
Definition: The ability to do something successfully or efficiently.
Word: Competence (‘käm-p?-t?ns)
Example 1: His competence in the field of research is well-recognized.
Example 2: The competence of the surgeon was clear during the operation.
Definition: Self-satisfied and unaware of possible dangers or problems.
Word: Complacent (k?m-‘pla-s?nt)
Example 1: She became complacent after receiving praise for her previous work.
Example 2: His complacent attitude toward his health led to problems later on.
Definition: Willing to conform to rules or follow orders; yielding.
Word: Compliant (k?m-‘pli-?nt)
Example 1: The company was compliant with all safety regulations.
Example 2: The new software is compliant with industry standards.
Definition: Thorough and all-inclusive; covering a wide range of subjects.
Word: Comprehensive (?käm-pri-‘hen-siv)
Example 1: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the issue.
Example 2: The course offers a comprehensive introduction to biology.
Definition: An agreement or settlement of a dispute reached by each side making concessions.
Word: Compromise (‘käm-pr?-?miz)
Example 1: They reached a compromise after hours of negotiation.
Example 2: Both parties were willing to compromise to avoid further conflict.
Definition: To admit something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it; to surrender or yield.
Word: Concede (k?n-‘sed)
Example 1: After a long argument, he conceded that she was right.
Example 2: The candidate conceded the election when it became clear he would not win.
Definition: Giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive.
Word: Concise (k?n-‘sis)
Example 1: The teacher’s instructions were clear and concise.
Example 2: He wrote a concise summary of the report.
Definition: To agree or be of the same opinion.
Word: Concur (k?n-‘k?r)
Example 1: I concur with your assessment of the situation.
Example 2: The committee members all concurred with the decision to move forward.
Definition: To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive to continue.
Word: Condone (k?n-‘don)
Example 1: The school does not condone cheating under any circumstances.
Example 2: He refused to condone his friend’s illegal activities.
Definition: To discuss something with someone in order to make a decision.
Word: Confer (k?n-‘f?r)
Example 1: The committee members will confer before making a final decision.
Example 2: She conferred with her lawyer before signing the contract.
Definition: Pleasant or agreeable because it suits one’s taste or disposition.
Word: Congenial (k?n-‘je-ne-?l)
Example 1: The hotel staff was very congenial, making the stay enjoyable.
Example 2: She found a congenial environment to work in after moving to a new company.
Definition: To severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of something.
Word: Constrain (k?n-‘stran)
Example 1: The tight budget constrained their ability to expand the business.
Example 2: His injury constrained him from participating in the game.
Definition: To look at or think about something for a long time in a thoughtful way.
Word: Contemplate (‘kän-t?m-?plat)
Example 1: He spent hours contemplating the meaning of life.
Example 2: She contemplated whether to accept the job offer.
Definition: Showing contempt; scornful or disdainful.
Word: Contemptuous (k?n-‘temp-ch?-w?s)
Example 1: She gave him a contemptuous look when he suggested something ridiculous.
Example 2: His contemptuous attitude made it clear that he didn’t respect her opinions.
Definition: Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.
Word: Contrite (k?n-‘trit)
Example 1: He offered a contrite apology for his earlier mistakes.
Example 2: The defendant appeared contrite in court after the verdict was read.
Definition: To come together from different directions and meet at one point.
Word: Converge (k?n-‘v?rj)
Example 1: All the paths converge at the center of the park.
Example 2: The two teams’ ideas began to converge during the meeting.
Definition: Extremely complex and difficult to follow; intricate.
Word: Convoluted (‘kän-v?-?lü-t?d)
Example 1: The plot of the movie was so convoluted that many people couldn’t understand it.
Example 2: His explanation was convoluted, making it hard to follow his reasoning.
Definition: To confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.
Word: Corroborate (k?-‘rä-b?-?rat)
Example 1: The witness’s testimony corroborated the defendant’s alibi.
Example 2: The research data corroborated the theory that climate change is accelerating.
Definition: To reach a climax or point of highest development.
Word: Culminate (‘k?l-m?-?nat)
Example 1: The months of hard work culminated in a successful presentation.
Example 2: The festival will culminate in a grand fireworks display.
Definition: To weaken or reduce the strength of something.
Word: Debilitate (de-‘bi-l?-?tat)
Example 1: The illness debilitated him, leaving him bedridden for weeks.
Example 2: The economic crisis debilitated the country’s financial system.
Definition: Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment or opinion of others.
Word: Deferential (?de-f?-‘ren(t)-sh?l)
Example 1: He was always deferential to his mentor’s advice.
Example 2: The staff was deferential to the company’s senior management.
Definition: Demonstrating skill and cleverness.
Word: Deft (deft)
Example 1: The artist’s deft brushstrokes brought the painting to life.
Example 2: She deftly handled the challenging situation at work.
Definition: Done consciously and intentionally; careful and unhurried.
Word: Deliberate (di-‘li-b?-r?t)
Example 1: His actions were deliberate and calculated to achieve a specific goal.
Example 2: They engaged in a deliberate discussion before making their decision.
Definition: Outward behavior or bearing.
Word: Demeanor (di-‘me-n?r)
Example 1: Her calm demeanor helped to reassure the team during the crisis.
Example 2: His friendly demeanor made him popular among his peers.
Definition: To publicly declare something to be wrong or evil.
Word: Denounce (di-‘nau?ns)
Example 1: The politician was quick to denounce corruption in the government.
Example 2: Activists denounced the company’s environmental practices.
Definition: To use up the supply or resources of something.
Word: Deplete (di-‘plet)
Example 1: The long journey depleted their energy.
Example 2: Continuous deforestation will deplete the Earth’s natural resources.
Definition: To obtain something from a specified source.
Word: Derive (di-‘riv)
Example 1: Many English words are derived from Latin.
Example 2: The company derives much of its revenue from online sales.
Definition: In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
Word: Despondent (di-‘spän-d?nt)
Example 1: She was despondent after hearing the bad news.
Example 2: He became despondent when his project failed.
Definition: To discourage someone from doing something, typically by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
Word: Deter (di-‘t?r)
Example 1: High fines are designed to deter illegal parking.
Example 2: The large dog was enough to deter the intruders.
Definition: Showing careful and persistent effort in doing something.
Word: Diligent (‘di-l?-j?nt)
Example 1: She is a diligent student who always completes her assignments on time.
Example 2: His diligent research led to groundbreaking discoveries.
Definition: To perceive or recognize something.
Word: Discern (di-‘s?rn)
Example 1: He could barely discern the figure in the fog.
Example 2: It was difficult to discern the truth from all the conflicting reports.
Definition: Careful in one’s speech or actions to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage.
Word: Discreet (di-‘skret)
Example 1: She was discreet about her personal life, rarely discussing it in public.
Example 2: The agent was discreet when handling sensitive information.
Definition: A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
Word: Discrepancy (di-‘skre-p?n-se)
Example 1: There was a discrepancy between the two reports on the incident.
Example 2: The accountant found a discrepancy in the financial statements.
Definition: To regard or speak of something as being of little worth; to belittle.
Word: Disparage (di-‘sper-ij)
Example 1: She was quick to disparage his efforts, even though he tried his best.
Example 2: Politicians often disparage their opponents during debates.
Definition: To drive away or cause to vanish (a doubt, feeling, or belief).
Word: Dispel (di-‘spel)
Example 1: The CEO’s speech helped dispel fears about the company’s future.
Example 2: The sun dispelled the fog as the day progressed.
Definition: To disperse or scatter; to waste or fritter away.
Word: Dissipate (‘di-s?-?pat)
Example 1: The fog slowly dissipated as the morning sun rose.
Example 2: He dissipated his fortune on extravagant purchases.
Definition: To persuade someone not to take a particular course of action.
Word: Dissuade (di-‘swad)
Example 1: His friends tried to dissuade him from making a risky investment.
Example 2: She dissuaded her daughter from dropping out of college.
Definition: To separate or move in a different direction from a common point.
Word: Diverge (d?-‘v?rj)
Example 1: The two paths diverge in the woods.
Example 2: Their opinions on the matter began to diverge after the debate.
Definition: To fit together perfectly or harmoniously.
Word: Dovetail (‘d?v-?tal)
Example 1: The two departments’ goals dovetailed nicely to achieve success.
Example 2: Their ideas dovetail with the company’s vision for the future.
Definition: Cheerful and full of energy.
Word: Ebullient (i-‘bu?l-y?nt)
Example 1: Her ebullient personality made her the life of the party.
Example 2: The crowd was ebullient after their team won the championship.
Definition: Unconventional and slightly strange behavior or appearance.
Word: Eccentric (ik-‘sen-trik)
Example 1: His eccentric style of dressing always caught people’s attention.
Example 2: The scientist was known for his eccentric theories.
Definition: Bubbly, lively, and enthusiastic.
Word: Effervescent (?e-f?r-‘ve-s?nt)
Example 1: His effervescent personality made him popular among his colleagues.
Example 2: The champagne was light and effervescent, perfect for the celebration.
Definition: Effective; producing the desired result.
Word: Efficacious (?e-f?-‘ka-sh?s)
Example 1: The new medication proved to be highly efficacious in treating the disease.
Example 2: Their advertising campaign was efficacious in boosting sales.
Definition: To make something clear; to explain.
Word: Elucidate (i-‘lü-s?-?dat)
Example 1: The professor tried to elucidate the complex theory for his students.
Example 2: She elucidated her point by giving a detailed example.
Definition: Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to define or remember.
Word: Elusive (i-‘lü-siv)
Example 1: The solution to the problem was elusive, despite the team’s efforts.
Example 2: Happiness can be elusive for those always seeking perfection.
Definition: To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or features.
Word: Embellish (im-‘be-lish)
Example 1: She embellished her story to make it more entertaining.
Example 2: The artist embellished the painting with vibrant colors.
Definition: Expressing forcibly and clearly.
Word: Emphatic (im-‘fa-tik)
Example 1: She was emphatic in her refusal to attend the event.
Example 2: His emphatic delivery made the speech unforgettable.
Definition: To imitate or copy with the intent to equal or surpass.
Word: Emulate (‘em-y?-?lat)
Example 1: Many young athletes try to emulate their sports heroes.
Example 2: She emulated her mentor’s work ethic to succeed in her career.
Definition: To include or contain within something; to surround.
Word: Encompass (in-‘k?m-p?s)
Example 1: The course will encompass all aspects of the subject.
Example 2: The project encompasses both design and implementation phases.
Definition: To publicly or officially support or approve.
Word: Endorse (in-‘d?rs)
Example 1: Several celebrities have endorsed the new product.
Example 2: The politician endorsed the bill, which was later passed.
Definition: To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Word: Engender (in-‘jen-d?r)
Example 1: His controversial remarks engendered a heated debate.
Example 2: The changes in policy have engendered a lot of criticism from employees.
Definition: To improve the quality, amount, or strength of something.
Word: Enhance (in-‘han(t)s)
Example 1: The new software is designed to enhance productivity.
Example 2: The photographer used lighting techniques to enhance the beauty of the model.
Definition: A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Word: Enigma (i-‘nig-m?)
Example 1: His disappearance remains an enigma to this day.
Example 2: She was an enigma to her friends, never revealing much about her personal life.
Definition: To involve or require as a necessary consequence.
Word: Entail (in-‘tal)
Example 1: The job entails long hours and extensive travel.
Example 2: His plan entails significant changes to the company’s structure.
Definition: To completely destroy or remove something.
Word: Eradicate (i-‘ra-di-?kat)
Example 1: Efforts to eradicate the disease have been largely successful.
Example 2: The new policy aims to eradicate poverty in the region.
Definition: Unpredictable; inconsistent in behavior or movement.
Word: Erratic (i-‘ra-tik)
Example 1: His erratic driving made other motorists nervous.
Example 2: The stock market has been erratic in recent weeks.
Definition: Wrong or incorrect.
Word: Erroneous (i-‘ro-ne-?s)
Example 1: The report was based on erroneous data, leading to inaccurate conclusions.
Example 2: She made the erroneous assumption that the meeting was tomorrow.
Definition: To bring or recall a feeling, memory, or image to mind.
Word: Evoke (i-‘vok)
Example 1: The song evoked memories of her childhood.
Example 2: His speech evoked a strong emotional response from the audience.
Definition: To show or illustrate by example.
Word: Exemplify (ig-‘zem-pl?-?fi)
Example 1: Her behavior exemplifies what it means to be a good leader.
Example 2: The teacher used real-world examples to exemplify the lesson.
Definition: To speed up the process or progress of something.
Word: Expedite (‘ek-sp?-?dit)
Example 1: They paid extra to expedite the delivery of their package.
Example 2: The company is working to expedite the development of the new product.
Definition: Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
Word: Explicit (ik-‘spli-s?t)
Example 1: The teacher gave explicit instructions to the students.
Example 2: The contract made the terms of the agreement explicit.
Definition: Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor.
Word: Facetious (f?-‘se-sh?s)
Example 1: His facetious remark during the meeting was not appreciated.
Example 2: She made a facetious comment about the disaster that upset many people.
Definition: To understand something after much thought.
Word: Fathom (‘fa-th?m)
Example 1: I can’t fathom why he would do such a thing.
Example 2: She struggled to fathom the complex theory.
Definition: Possible and practical to do easily or conveniently.
Word: Feasible (‘fe-z?-b?l)
Example 1: The project is feasible with the current budget.
Example 2: It may not be feasible to finish the task within the given timeframe.
Definition: Changing frequently, especially in regards to one’s loyalties or affections.
Word: Fickle (‘fi-k?l)
Example 1: He’s known for being fickle when it comes to his favorite sports teams.
Example 2: The weather here is so fickly it changes from sunny to rainy in minutes.
Definition: To rise and fall irregularly in number or amount.
Word: Fluctuate (‘fl?k-ch?-?wat)
Example 1: The stock market fluctuates daily.
Example 2: Her mood tends to fluctuate depending on the situation.
Definition: The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Word: Foresight (‘f?r-?sit)
Example 1: He had the foresight to invest in technology stocks early.
Example 2: Her foresight allowed the company to avoid financial difficulties.
Definition: Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, or capable.
Word: Formidable (‘f?r-m?-d?-b?l)
Example 1: The team faced a formidable opponent in the championship game.
Example 2: He was a formidable leader who commanded respect from everyone.
Definition: Courage in facing difficulties.
Word: Fortitude (‘f?r-t?-?tüd)
Example 1: She showed great fortitude in overcoming her illness.
Example 2: His fortitude helped him endure the challenges of the marathon.
Definition: Happening by a lucky chance; fortunate.
Word: Fortuitous (f?r-‘tü-?-t?s)
Example 1: It was fortuitous that she found the lost wallet just in time.
Example 2: The fortuitous encounter led to a long-lasting friendship.
Definition: Not having any serious purpose or value.
Word: Frivolous (‘fri-v?-l?s)
Example 1: The lawsuit was dismissed as frivolous by the judge.
Example 2: She spent money on frivolous items that she didn’t really need.
Definition: Attempting to avoid notice or attention; secretive.
Word: Furtive (‘f?r-tiv)
Example 1: She gave him a furtive glance across the room.
Example 2: His furtive behavior made everyone suspicious.
Definition: Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless.
Word: Futile (‘fyü-t?l)
Example 1: Their attempts to fix the car were futile—it was beyond repair.
Example 2: Arguing with him is futile; he never changes his mind.
Definition: Sly or cunning intelligence.
Word: Guile (‘gi(-?)l)
Example 1: He used his guile to get out of a difficult situation.
Example 2: The spy’s guile helped her complete the mission undetected.
Definition: Lacking any obvious principle of organization; random.
Word: Haphazard (hap-‘ha-z?rd)
Example 1: His approach to studying was haphazard, leading to poor results.
Example 2: The books were stacked in a haphazard manner on the shelf.
Definition: Unfortunate or unlucky.
Word: Hapless (‘ha-pl?s)
Example 1: The hapless traveler missed his flight due to a traffic jam.
Example 2: He’s a hapless character who always seems to find trouble.
Definition: To obstruct or delay the progress of something.
Word: Hinder (‘hin-d?r)
Example 1: The heavy rain hindered our progress on the hike.
Example 2: His injury may hinder his ability to play in the next game.
Definition: Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Word: Illicit (i-‘li-s?t)
Example 1: He was arrested for selling illicit substances.
Example 2: The police are cracking down on illicit activities in the neighborhood.
Definition: About to happen; impending.
Word: Imminent (‘i-m?-n?nt)
Example 1: The dark clouds suggested that a storm was imminent.
Example 2: The company faced imminent bankruptcy if they didn’t make changes.
Definition: Treating all rivals or disputants equally; unbiased.
Word: Impartial (im-‘pär-sh?l)
Example 1: The judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
Example 2: She gave an impartial opinion on the matter, considering all sides.
Definition: In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
Word: Impeccable (im-‘pe-k?-b?l)
Example 1: Her impeccable manners impressed everyone at the dinner.
Example 2: The chef’s dishes were presented with impeccable precision.
Definition: Of vital importance; crucial.
Word: Imperative (im-‘per-?-tiv)
Example 1: It is imperative that we finish this project by the deadline.
Example 2: Maintaining security is imperative in this situation.
Definition: Implied, though not plainly expressed.
Word: Implicit (im-‘pli-sit)
Example 1: His silence seemed to indicate implicit agreement.
Example 2: The contract included an implicit understanding between the two parties.
Definition: Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.
Word: Inadvertent (?i-n?d-‘v?r-t?nt)
Example 1: She made an inadvertent error in the report.
Example 2: His inadvertent comment caused offense without him realizing it.
Definition: Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; sharply focused.
Word: Incisive (in-‘si-siv)
Example 1: Her incisive analysis of the situation impressed her colleagues.
Example 2: The reporter’s incisive questions revealed the truth.
Definition: A person’s natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Word: Inclination (?in-kl?-‘na-sh?n)
Example 1: He has an inclination towards helping others.
Example 2: Her inclination was to decline the offer, but she decided to reconsider.
Definition: Having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.
Word: Indifferent (in-‘di-f?rnt)
Example 1: She seemed indifferent to the outcome of the vote.
Example 2: The students were indifferent about the topic of the lecture.
Definition: Poor or needy; lacking the basic necessities of life.
Word: Indigent (‘in-di-j?nt)
Example 1: The charity provides food and shelter for the indigent.
Example 2: The government’s program aims to help indigent families.
Definition: To bring about or cause something to happen.
Word: Induce (in-‘düs)
Example 1: The doctor induced labor to help the baby be born safely.
Example 2: The advertisement induced many people to buy the product.
Definition: Having or showing no skill; clumsy.
Word: Inept (i-‘nept)
Example 1: His inept handling of the situation caused more problems.
Example 2: The new employee seemed inept at performing the basic tasks.
Definition: Certain to happen; unavoidable.
Word: Inevitable (i-‘ne-v?-t?-b?l)
Example 1: The changes in technology are inevitable.
Example 2: After weeks of rain, the flood was inevitable.
Definition: To deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.
Word: Infer (in-‘f?r)
Example 1: From her expression, I could infer that she was upset.
Example 2: The data allow us to infer trends in consumer behavior.
Definition: Existing as a natural or essential part of something.
Word: Inherent (in-‘her-?nt)
Example 1: The risks are inherent in any investment.
Example 2: The ability to communicate is inherent in human nature.
Definition: Featuring new methods; advanced and original.
Word: Innovative (‘i-n?-?va-tiv)
Example 1: The company is known for its innovative technology.
Example 2: His innovative approach to solving the problem impressed everyone.
Definition: To suggest or hint in an indirect and unpleasant way
Word: Insinuate (in-‘si-ny?-?wat)
Example 1: He insinuated that she had not been completely honest.
Example 2: The article insinuated that the company was involved in unethical practices.
Definition: Necessary to make a whole complete; essential.
Word: Integral (‘in-ti-gr?l)
Example 1: Good communication is integral to a successful team.
Example 2: He played an integral role in the development of the project.
Definition: Fearless; adventurous.
Word: Intrepid (in-‘tre-p?d)
Example 1: The intrepid explorer ventured into the uncharted jungle.
Example 2: Her intrepid spirit led her to try skydiving.
Definition: To overwhelm someone with things or people to be dealt with; to flood.
Word: Inundate (‘i-n?n-?dat)
Example 1: She was inundated with work after returning from vacation.
Example 2: The village was inundated by the heavy rains.
Definition: To call on (a deity, spirit, law, etc.) for assistance or as an authority.
Word: Invoke (in-‘vok)
Example 1: The priest invoked a blessing upon the congregation.
Example 2: The lawyer invoked a legal precedent to support her argument.
Definition: Not connected with or relevant to something.
Word: Irrelevant (i-‘re-l?-v?nt)
Example 1: His comments were irrelevant to the discussion.
Example 2: The question was deemed irrelevant to the topic at hand.
Definition: Not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered; final.
Word: Irrevocable (i-‘re-v?-k?-b?l)
Example 1: The decision to close the factory was irrevocable.
Example 2: Once the contract is signed, the terms are irrevocable.
Definition: Feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
Word: Jubilant (‘jü-b?-l?nt)
Example 1: The fans were jubilant after their team won the championship.
Example 2: She was jubilant upon hearing the good news.
Definition: Having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense.
Word: Judicious (jü-‘di-sh?s)
Example 1: The board made a judicious decision regarding the investment.
Example 2: He is known for his judicious handling of difficult situations.
Definition: To mourn or express sorrow or regret.
Word: Lament (l?-‘ment)
Example 1: She lamented the loss of her childhood home.
Example 2: He lamented over the missed opportunity.
Definition: To praise highly, especially in a public context.
Word: Laud (l?d)
Example 1: The author was lauded for her contributions to literature.
Example 2: He was lauded for his bravery during the rescue operation.
Definition: Lightness of manner or speech, often when inappropriate.
Word: Levity (‘le-v?-te)
Example 1: His attempt at levity during the serious meeting was not well-received.
Example 2: She tried to bring some levity to the conversation with a joke.
Definition: Expressed clearly; easy to understand.
Word: Lucid (‘lü-s?d)
Example 1: The professor gave a lucid explanation of the complex theory.
Example 2: Her writing is known for its lucid style.
Definition: Intending or intended to do harm.
Word: Malicious (m?-‘li-sh?s)
Example 1: The hacker launched a malicious attack on the company’s servers.
Example 2: She spread malicious rumors about her former friend.
Definition: Harmful, dangerous, or likely to cause death, especially referring to a disease like cancer.
Word: Malignant (m?-‘lig-n?nt)
Example 1: The tumor was found to be malignant, requiring immediate treatment.
Example 2: His malignant behavior toward others isolated him from his peers.
Definition: Clear or obvious to the eye or mind.
Word: Manifest (‘ma-n?-?fest)
Example 1: His disappointment was manifest in his facial expression.
Example 2: The results of the experiment were manifest and conclusive.
Definition: Of only average quality; not very good.
Word: Mediocre (?me-de-‘o-k?r)
Example 1: The performance was mediocre, not living up to the hype.
Example 2: The restaurant received mediocre reviews from critics.
Definition: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
Word: Meticulous (m?-‘ti-ky?-l?s)
Example 1: She was meticulous in organizing the event.
Example 2: The artist was known for his meticulous work on every painting.
Definition: To make something less severe, serious, or painful.
Word: Mitigate (‘mi-t?-?gat)
Example 1: The doctor gave her medication to mitigate the pain.
Example 2: Efforts were made to mitigate the effects of the storm.
Definition: To prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false.
Word: Refute (ri-‘fyüt)
Example 1: The lawyer refuted the witness’s testimony with strong evidence.
Example 2: She refuted the rumor by showing everyone the facts.
Definition: To say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.
Word: Reiterate (re-‘i-t?-?rat)
Example 1: The teacher reiterated the instructions to ensure everyone understood.
Example 2: He reiterated his support for the project during the meeting.
Definition: To restrain or subdue someone or something by force.
Word: Repress (ri-‘pres)
Example 1: She tried to repress her emotions during the difficult conversation.
Example 2: The government repressed the uprising using military force.
Definition: To express disapproval or disappointment.
Word: Reproach (ri-‘proch)
Example 1: She looked at him with reproach when he broke the rules.
Example 2: The manager reproached the team for missing the deadline.
Definition: Able to recover quickly from difficult conditions.
Word: Resilient (ri-‘zil-y?nt)
Example 1: The resilient child bounced back quickly after the fall.
Example 2: His resilient attitude helped him succeed despite numerous setbacks.
Definition: Not revealing one’s thoughts or feelings readily; reserved.
Word: Reticent (‘re-t?-s?nt)
Example 1: She was reticent about sharing her opinions during the discussion.
Example 2: He remained reticent on the topic, refusing to provide further details.
Definition: To feel deep respect or admiration for something or someone.
Word: Revere (ri-‘vir)
Example 1: Many people revere their parents for their sacrifices.
Example 2: The athlete was revered by fans for his dedication and sportsmanship.
Definition: To examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Word: Scrutinize (‘skrü-t?-?niz)
Example 1: The auditor scrutinized the financial records for any discrepancies.
Example 2: She scrutinized the contract before signing it.
Definition: Hidden or sheltered from general activity or view.
Word: Secluded (si-‘klü-d?d)
Example 1: They spent the weekend in a secluded cabin in the woods.
Example 2: The house is located in a secluded area, far from the city.
Definition: Calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Word: Serene (s?-‘ren)
Example 1: The lake was serene in the early morning light.
Example 2: Her serene expression helped calm everyone in the room.
Definition: Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations.
Word: Skeptical (‘skep-ti-k?l)
Example 1: He was skeptical about the new technology’s ability to improve efficiency.
Example 2: The audience remained skeptical despite the speaker’s arguments.
Definition: To form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence.
Word: Speculate (‘spe-ky?-?lat)
Example 1: They speculated about the reasons for the company’s sudden success.
Example 2: The media often speculates about celebrities’ private lives.
Definition: Occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered or isolated.
Word: Sporadic (sp?-‘ra-dik)
Example 1: The rain was sporadic throughout the afternoon.
Example 2: His attendance at the meetings has been sporadic.
Definition: Showing no activity; dull and sluggish.
Word: Stagnant (‘stag-n?nt)
Example 1: The stagnant economy led to widespread unemployment.
Example 2: The stagnant water in the pond became a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Definition: To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Word: Substantiate (s?b-‘stan(t)-she-?at)
Example 1: He was unable to substantiate his claims with any concrete evidence.
Example 2: The scientist provided data to substantiate her theory.
Definition: Briefly and clearly expressed.
Word: Succinct (s?k-‘si?(k)t)
Example 1: His speech was succinct and to the point.
Example 2: The report was written in a succinct manner, avoiding unnecessary details.
Definition: Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Word: Superfluous (su?-‘p?r-flü-?s)
Example 1: The editor removed the superfluous details from the article.
Example 2: Buying more clothes when you already have plenty seems superfluous.
Definition: Tending to keep a firm hold of something; persistent, determined.
Word: Tenacious (t?-‘na-sh?s)
Example 1: The tenacious athlete never gave up, even when the competition was tough.
Example 2: His tenacious attitude helped him achieve his goals despite many obstacles.
Definition: To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass.
Word: Transcend (tran(t)-‘send)
Example 1: Her music transcended cultural boundaries and became popular worldwide.
Example 2: He transcended his personal struggles to become a successful entrepreneur.
Definition: Of little value or importance.
Word: Trivial (‘tri-ve-?l)
Example 1: The disagreement between them was over a trivial matter.
Example 2: His concerns seemed trivial compared to the larger issues at hand.
Definition: Fully in agreement.
Word: Unanimous (yü-‘na-n?-m?s)
Example 1: The committee made a unanimous decision to approve the proposal.
Example 2: The jury reached a unanimous verdict after hours of deliberation.
Definition: Leaving no doubt; unambiguous.
Word: Unequivocal (??n-i-‘kwi-v?-k?l)
Example 1: The politician gave an unequivocal answer to the question.
Example 2: Her support for the cause was unequivocal.
Definition: Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive.
Word: Utilitarian (yü-?ti-l?-‘ter-e-?n)
Example 1: The building was designed with a utilitarian style, prioritizing function over form.
Example 2: His clothing choices were more utilitarian than fashionable.
Definition: To clear someone of blame or suspicion.
Word: Vindicate (‘vin-d?-?kat)
Example 1: The evidence presented in court vindicated her of all charges.
Example 2: He felt vindicated after proving his innocence.
Definition: Wanting or devouring great quantities of food; having a very eager approach to an activity.
Word: Voracious (v?-‘ra-sh?s)
Example 1: He had a voracious appetite after the long hike.
Example 2: She was a voracious reader, finishing several books each week.
Definition: Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
Word: Wary (‘wer-e)
Example 1: He was wary of the salesman’s claims.
Example 2: She remained wary of strangers after the incident.
Definition: Playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way.
Word: Whimsical (‘hwim-zi-k?l)
Example 1: The artist’s whimsical paintings were full of imaginative creatures.
Example 2: Her whimsical personality made her fun to be around.
Definition: Having or showing great enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective.
Word: Zealous (‘ze-l?s)
Example 1: The zealous volunteer worked tirelessly to raise money for the charity.
Example 2: He was zealous in his defense of human rights.
Definition: Great enthusiasm and energy.
Word: Zest (zest)
Example 1: She approached the task with zest, eager to get started.
Example 2: His zest for life was contagious and inspired everyone around him.
