CLB 9+ Flashcards
Definition: A deviation from what is normal or expected.
Aberration
Example 1: The sudden snowstorm in July was an aberration in the usual weather patterns.
Example 2: His outburst at the meeting was an aberration from his typically calm demeanor.
Definition: To formally reject or renounce a belief, claim, or course of action.
Abjure
Example 1: The politician abjured his former stance on the issue after new evidence emerged.
Example 2: She abjured her allegiance to the organization after discovering its unethical practices.
Definition: The act of renouncing or rejecting something, often self-denial.
Abnegation
Example 1: His abnegation of luxury in favor of a simple life was admirable.
Example 2: The monk’s abnegation of worldly desires was central to his spiritual practice.
Definition: To repeal or abolish a law, agreement, or formal arrangement.
Abrogate
Example 1: The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.
Example 2: The company abrogated its contract with the supplier due to repeated failures.
Definition: Exercising moderation, especially in eating and drinking.
Abstemious
Example 1: Her abstemious diet consisted of small portions and no sweets.
Example 2: He led an abstemious lifestyle, avoiding excess in all things.
Definition: Difficult to understand; obscure.
Abstruse
Example 1: The professor’s lecture on quantum physics was abstruse to most students.
Example 2: The novel’s abstruse themes left many readers puzzled.
Definition: An award or privilege granted as a special honor.
Accolade
Example 1: She received numerous accolades for her groundbreaking research.
Example 2: The film earned accolades from critics and audiences alike.
Definition: Sharp and forthright in tone or taste; bitter.
Acerbic
Example 1: His acerbic remarks during the debate alienated many listeners.
Example 2: The critic’s acerbic review of the play discouraged potential audiences.
Definition: To accept or comply without protest.
Acquiesce
Example 1: After hours of negotiation, he finally acquiesced to their demands.
Example 2: She acquiesced to her parents’ wishes and chose a different career path.
Definition: Bitter and sharp in language or tone.
Acrimonious
Example 1: The acrimonious divorce proceedings lasted for months.
Example 2: The meeting ended in an acrimonious exchange between the two executives.
Definition: The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions.
Acumen
Example 1: Her business acumen helped the company thrive in a competitive market.
Example 2: His political acumen was evident in his ability to navigate complex negotiations.
Definition: To warn or reprimand someone firmly.
Admonish
Example 1: The teacher admonished the student for talking during the exam.
Example 2: She admonished her friend for being careless with sensitive information.
Definition: Skillful or clever in using the hands or mind.
Adroit
Example 1: The adroit surgeon performed the operation with precision.
Example 2: His adroit handling of the crisis earned him praise from his colleagues.
Definition: Excessive admiration or praise.
Adulation
Example 1: The celebrity was uncomfortable with the adulation from her fans.
Example 2: The politician basked in the adulation of his supporters.
Definition: To outline or foreshadow something vaguely.
Adumbrate
Example 1: The professor adumbrated the main points of his lecture at the beginning.
Example 2: The report adumbrated the potential challenges of the new policy.
Definition: Friendly, good-natured, and easy to talk to.
Affable
Example 1: The affable host made everyone feel welcome at the party.
Example 2: His affable demeanor made him popular among his coworkers.
Definition: Brisk and cheerful readiness.
Alacrity
Example 1: She accepted the challenge with alacrity and enthusiasm.
Example 2: The team responded to the manager’s request with alacrity.
Definition: Selflessly concerned for the well-being of others.
Altruistic
Example 1: Her altruistic actions included volunteering at the homeless shelter.
Example 2: The billionaire’s altruistic donation helped fund medical research.
Definition: To make something better or improve a situation.
Ameliorate
Example 1: The new policy was designed to ameliorate the working conditions of employees.
Example 2: Efforts to ameliorate poverty in the region have shown some success.
Definition: Out of date or belonging to a different time period.
Anachronistic
Example 1: The use of a typewriter in the modern office seemed anachronistic.
Example 2: The film’s anachronistic costumes confused the audience.
Definition: Something or someone that is intensely disliked or loathed.
Anathema
Example 1: The idea of raising taxes was anathema to the conservative politician.
Example 2: For her, dishonesty was anathema, and she valued integrity above all else.
Definition: Winding, twisting, or circuitous.
Anfractuous
Example 1: The anfractuous path through the forest was difficult to navigate.
Example 2: His anfractuous explanation left everyone confused.
Definition: Something that soothes or relieves pain; inoffensive.
Anodyne
Example 1: The music served as an anodyne for her stress after a long day.
Example 2: His anodyne comments avoided any controversial topics.
Definition: Extremely old or outdated.
Antediluvian
Example 1: The antediluvian computer system was in desperate need of an upgrade.
Example 2: His antediluvian views on gender roles were met with criticism.
Definition: A deep-seated feeling of dislike or aversion.
Antipathy
Example 1: She felt an antipathy toward the new manager from the moment they met.
Example 2: His antipathy for public speaking made him avoid presentations at all costs.
Definition: Situated on opposite sides of the globe; diametrically opposed.
Antipodal
Example 1: Australia and the United Kingdom are antipodal regions.
Example 2: Their antipodal views on the issue led to heated debates.
Definition: The direct opposite of something.
Antithesis
Example 1: Her calm demeanor was the antithesis of his frantic behavior.
Example 2: The modern design of the building was the antithesis of the traditional architecture nearby.
Definition: Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
Apathy
Example 1: The student’s apathy toward his studies resulted in poor grades.
Example 2: Voter apathy was blamed for the low turnout in the election.
Definition: Self-confidence or assurance, especially in a demanding situation.
Aplomb
Example 1: She handled the difficult questions with aplomb during the press conference.
Example 2: His aplomb on stage made him a natural performer.
Definition: Of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as true.
Apocryphal
Example 1: The apocryphal story about the haunted house turned out to be a myth.
Example 2: Many apocryphal tales surround the life of the famous outlaw.
Definition: The highest point or climax of something.
Apogee
Example 1: The artist’s career reached its apogee with the release of her masterpiece.
Example 2: The empire was at its apogee during the reign of the great king.
Definition: The highest point in the development of something; culmination.
Apotheosis
Example 1: The apotheosis of her career was winning the Nobel Prize.
Example 2: The film was considered the apotheosis of the director’s artistic vision.
Definition: Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason.
Arbitrary
Example 1: The decision to cancel the event seemed arbitrary and unfair.
Example 2: The teacher’s grading system appeared arbitrary to the students.
Definition: Idyllically innocent or simple; pastoral.
Arcadian
Example 1: The painting depicted an Arcadian landscape with rolling hills and grazing sheep.
Example 2: He longed for an Arcadian life, far from the chaos of the city.
Definition: Mysterious or secret; understood by few.
Arcane
Example 1: The ancient text was filled with arcane symbols and rituals.
Example 2: The scientist’s arcane knowledge of physics was unmatched.
Definition: To find out or discover something with certainty.
Ascertain
Example 1: The detective worked to ascertain the truth behind the mysterious disappearance.
Example 2: It was difficult to ascertain the exact cause of the problem.
Definition: Harshness of tone or manner.
Asperity
Example 1: His asperity during the meeting made everyone uncomfortable.
Example 2: The asperity in her voice revealed her frustration.
Definition: To attack or criticize the reputation or integrity of someone.
Asperse
Example 1: The politician’s opponents tried to asperse his character with false accusations.
Example 2: She refused to asperse her colleague, even when pressured to do so.
Definition: To declare or state something solemnly or emphatically.
Asseverate
Example 1: He asseverated his innocence in front of the jury.
Example 2: The witness asseverated that she had seen the suspect at the scene.
Definition: Showing great care, attention, and effort.
Assiduous
Example 1: Her assiduous preparation for the exam paid off with a high score.
Example 2: The assiduous worker was promoted for his dedication.
Definition: To make an unpleasant feeling less intense.
Assuage
Example 1: The apology did little to assuage her anger.
Example 2: He tried to assuage his guilt by helping those in need.
Definition: To reduce in force, value, or degree.
Attenuate
Example 1: The thick walls attenuated the noise from the street.
Example 2: The impact of the scandal was attenuated by the company’s swift response.
Definition: A sign or omen predicting the future.
Augury
Example 1: The sudden storm was seen as an augury of bad luck.
Example 2: The success of the project was an augury of future prosperity.
Definition: Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance.
Austere
Example 1: The austere teacher tolerated no nonsense in her classroom.
Example 2: The monastery’s austere lifestyle required discipline and sacrifice.
Definition: Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
Avarice
Example 1: The billionaire’s avarice led him to exploit his workers.
Example 2: Avarice drove the politician to accept bribes.
Definition: Having or showing an extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
Avaricious
Example 1: The avaricious businessman would stop at nothing to increase his profits.
Example 2: Her avaricious nature made her unpopular among her peers.
Definition: Self-evident or unquestionable.
Axiomatic
Example 1: It is axiomatic that honesty is the best policy.
Example 2: The axiomatic truth of the statement was accepted by all.
Definition: Lacking originality; trite or commonplace.
Banal
Example 1: The movie’s plot was banal and predictable.
Example 2: His banal remarks failed to impress the audience.
Definition: To give a false impression or contradict.
Belie
Example 1: His calm demeanor belied the anxiety he felt inside.
Example 2: The cheerful exterior of the house belied its dilapidated condition.
Definition: Demonstrating aggression or willingness to fight.
Bellicose
Example 1: The bellicose nation threatened its neighbors with military action.
Example 2: His bellicose tone during the argument escalated the tension.
Definition: Hostile and aggressive.
Belligerent
Example 1: The belligerent customer shouted at the staff for no reason.
Example 2: The belligerent nations were on the brink of war.
Definition: Well-meaning and kindly.
Benevolent
Example 1: The benevolent old man donated generously to charity.
Example 2: Her benevolent actions earned her the respect of the community.
Definition: To leave something to someone in a will.
Bequeath
Example 1: He bequeathed his entire estate to his favorite charity.
Example 2: The artist bequeathed her paintings to the local museum.
Definition: To scold or criticize someone angrily.
Berate
Example 1: The coach berated the team for their poor performance.
Example 2: She berated her son for forgetting to do his homework.
Definition: To divide into two branches or parts.
Bifurcate
Example 1: The river bifurcates into two smaller streams near the village.
Example 2: The project bifurcated into two separate initiatives.
Definition: Flattery or pleasing statements used to persuade someone.
Blandishment
Example 1: Despite his blandishments, she refused to change her mind.
Example 2: The salesman’s blandishments failed to convince the skeptical customer.
Definition: To support, strengthen, or reinforce.
Bolster
Example 1: The new evidence bolstered the prosecution’s case.
Example 2: She tried to bolster her friend’s confidence before the big presentation.
Definition: High-sounding language with little meaning; inflated rhetoric.
Bombast
Example 1: The politician’s speech was full of bombast but lacked substance.
Example 2: His bombastic writing style made his essays difficult to read.
Definition: High-sounding but with little meaning; inflated.
Bombastic
Example 1: The bombastic claims of the advertisement were quickly debunked.
Example 2: His bombastic speech failed to impress the audience.
Definition: Rough and bad-mannered; coarse.
Boorish
Example 1: His boorish behavior at the dinner party embarrassed everyone.
Example 2: The boorish comments made during the meeting were inappropriate.
Definition: Relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside or rural life.
Bucolic
Example 1: The bucolic landscape was a welcome escape from the city.
Example 2: The painting depicted a bucolic scene of farmers tending their fields.
Definition: To grow or develop rapidly; flourish.
Burgeon
Example 1: The tech industry has burgeoned in recent years.
Example 2: Her interest in art burgeoned after visiting the museum.
Definition: A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Cacophony
Example 1: The cacophony of car horns and sirens filled the busy street.
Example 2: The band’s rehearsal was a cacophony of mismatched notes.
Definition: To persuade someone to do something through sustained coaxing or flattery.
Cajole
Example 1: She managed to cajole her brother into lending her the car.
Example 2: The child cajoled his parents into buying him a toy.
Definition: Emotionally insensitive or unsympathetic.
Callous
Example 1: His callous remarks about the tragedy shocked everyone.
Example 2: The callous treatment of the workers led to a strike.
Definition: To surrender or give in after negotiation.
Capitulate
Example 1: The rebels were forced to capitulate after running out of supplies.
Example 2: The company capitulated to the demands of the striking workers.
Definition: Longer than the most direct way; roundabout.
Circuitous
Example 1: The circuitous route took us through several small towns.
Example 2: His circuitous explanation confused everyone in the room.
Definition: Wary and unwilling to take risks.
Circumspect
Example 1: The circumspect investor avoided putting money into risky ventures.
Example 2: She was circumspect about sharing her personal information online.
Definition: Kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit.
Clandestine
Example 1: The clandestine meeting took place in a dimly lit alley.
Example 2: They carried out a clandestine operation to rescue the hostages.
Definition: To come together to form one whole.
Coalesce
Example 1: The different groups coalesced into a single organization.
Example 2: The scattered ideas coalesced into a coherent plan.
Definition: Clear, logical, and convincing.
Cogent
Example 1: The lawyer presented a cogent argument that won the case.
Example 2: Her cogent explanation clarified the complex issue.
Definition: To think deeply about something; ponder.
Cogitate
Example 1: He spent hours cogitating on the problem before finding a solution.
Example 2: She cogitated over the decision, weighing the pros and cons carefully.
Definition: Corresponding in size or degree; proportionate.
Commensurate
Example 1: The salary was commensurate with her experience and skills.
Example 2: The punishment should be commensurate with the crime.
Definition: A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows wrongdoing.
Compunction
Example 1: She felt no compunction about lying to protect her friend.
Example 2: He acted without compunction, ignoring the consequences of his actions.
Definition: To stop someone from being angry or discontented; placate.
Conciliate
Example 1: The manager tried to conciliate the upset customer with a refund.
Example 2: His apology did little to conciliate her hurt feelings.
Definition: Naturally accompanying or associated with something.
Concomitant
Example 1: The concomitant rise in prices and wages created economic instability.
Example 2: The disease has several concomitant symptoms, including fever and fatigue.
Definition: A large, destructive fire.
Conflagration
Example 1: The conflagration destroyed several buildings in the downtown area.
Example 2: The forest conflagration raged for days before being contained.
Definition: Sharing a common border; touching.
Contiguous
Example 1: The two contiguous states often collaborate on regional issues.
Example 2: The contiguous rooms in the hotel were perfect for the large family.
Definition: Feeling or expressing remorse or guilt.
Contrite
Example 1: He was contrite after realizing the harm his actions had caused.
Example 2: Her contrite apology was accepted by the offended party.
Definition: Stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority.
Contumacious
Example 1: The contumacious student refused to follow the teacher’s instructions.
Example 2: His contumacious behavior led to his expulsion from the group.
Definition: A confusing and difficult problem or question.
Conundrum
Example 1: The conundrum of how to reduce pollution without harming the economy remains unsolved.
Example 2: Solving the puzzle was a conundrum that took hours of thought.
Definition: Friendly, lively, and enjoyable.
Convivial
Example 1: The convivial atmosphere at the party made everyone feel welcome.
Example 2: The restaurant was known for its convivial ambiance and excellent food.
Definition: To confirm or support with evidence.
Corroborate
Example 1: The witness’s testimony corroborated the defendant’s alibi.
Example 2: The new findings corroborate the theory proposed by the scientist.
Definition: Belief in or acceptance of something as true.
Credence
Example 1: The evidence gave credence to the theory that the crime was premeditated.
Example 2: His claims were met with little credence due to lack of proof.
Definition: Too ready to believe things; gullible.
Credulous
Example 1: The credulous child believed the story about the tooth fairy.
Example 2: Her credulous nature made her an easy target for scams.
Definition: To weaken or make someone or something feeble.
Debilitate
Example 1: The illness debilitated him, leaving him bedridden for weeks.
Example 2: The economic crisis debilitated the nation’s infrastructure.
Definition: Behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety.
Decorum
Example 1: The students were reminded to maintain decorum during the ceremony.
Example 2: His lack of decorum at the formal dinner was embarrassing.
Definition: Polite submission and respect.
Deference
Example 1: She treated her elders with deference and respect.
Example 2: The decision was made in deference to the wishes of the majority.
Definition: Causing harm or damage.
Deleterious
Example 1: The deleterious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Example 2: The chemical spill had a deleterious impact on the local ecosystem.
Definition: A political leader who seeks support by appealing to desires and prejudices rather than rational argument.
Demagogue
Example 1: The demagogue’s fiery speeches stirred up anger among the crowd.
Example 2: History is filled with examples of demagogues who rose to power by exploiting fear.
Definition: Lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm.
Desultory
Example 1: The desultory conversation failed to hold anyone’s interest.
Example 2: His desultory attempts at studying resulted in poor grades.
Definition: Light, delicate, and translucent.
Diaphanous
Example 1: The diaphanous curtains fluttered in the breeze.
Example 2: She wore a diaphanous gown that shimmered in the light.
Definition: A forceful and bitter verbal attack.
Diatribe
Example 1: The politician’s speech turned into a diatribe against his opponents.
Example 2: The teacher’s diatribe about laziness left the students feeling chastised.
Definition: Modesty or shyness resulting from a lack of self-confidence.
Diffidence
Example 1: His diffidence prevented him from speaking up in meetings.
Example 2: Despite her talent, her diffidence kept her from pursuing a career in acting.
Definition: Modest or shy due to a lack of self-confidence.
Diffident
Example 1: The diffident student hesitated to ask questions in class.
Example 2: His diffident manner made it difficult for him to make friends.
Definition: Essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison.
Disparate
Example 1: The disparate cultures of the two countries made communication challenging.
Example 2: The team was made up of individuals with disparate skills and backgrounds.
Definition: To conceal one’s true motives or feelings.
Dissemble
Example 1: She dissembled her disappointment with a forced smile.
Example 2: The spy dissembled his true intentions to gain access to the secret files.
Definition: Lacking harmony; inconsistent or conflicting.
Dissonant
Example 1: The dissonant opinions within the group led to heated arguments.
Example 2: The dissonant chords in the music created a sense of tension.
Definition: Cheerful and full of energy.
Ebullient
Example 1: Her ebullient personality made her the life of the party.
Example 2: The team was ebullient after their unexpected victory.
Definition: Insolent or impertinent behavior.
Effrontery
Example 1: The employee had the effrontery to challenge his boss in front of everyone.
Example 2: Her effrontery in asking for a raise after missing deadlines was astounding.
Definition: Shining brightly; radiant.
Effulgent
Example 1: The effulgent sunrise painted the sky in vibrant colors.
Example 2: Her effulgent smile lit up the room.
Definition: To make something clear; explain.
Elucidate
Example 1: The professor elucidated the complex theory with simple examples.
Example 2: The diagram helped to elucidate the process for the students.
Definition: Having the quality of softening or soothing the skin.
Emollient
Example 1: The emollient cream relieved her dry and itchy skin.
Example 2: His emollient words calmed the angry crowd.
Definition: A speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.
Encomium
Example 1: The retiring CEO received an encomium from his colleagues.
Example 2: The book was an encomium to the beauty of nature.
Definition: To cause someone to feel drained of energy or vitality.
Enervate
Example 1: The hot and humid weather enervated the hikers.
Example 2: The long and tedious meeting enervated everyone in the room.
Definition: A feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement.
Ennui
Example 1: The endless routine of his job filled him with ennui.
Example 2: She tried to combat her ennui by taking up a new hobby.
Definition: Lasting for a very short time.
Ephemeral
Example 1: The beauty of the cherry blossoms is ephemeral, lasting only a few days.
Example 2: His fame was ephemeral, fading as quickly as it had come.
Definition: To use ambiguous language to conceal the truth or avoid committing to a point of view.
Equivocate
Example 1: The politician equivocated when asked about his stance on the issue.
Example 2: She equivocated to avoid giving a direct answer to the question.
Definition: Intended for or understood by only a small group with specialized knowledge.
Esoteric
Example 1: The professor’s esoteric lecture was incomprehensible to most students.
Example 2: The book’s esoteric references made it difficult for the average reader to understand.
Definition: Quickly fading or disappearing.
Evanescent
Example 1: The evanescent glow of the fireflies lit up the night for a brief moment.
Example 2: His evanescent happiness vanished as soon as he heard the bad news.
Definition: To reveal the presence of a quality or feeling.
Evince
Example 1: Her smile evinced her delight at the surprise party.
Example 2: The report evinced a deep understanding of the issue.
Definition: To make a problem, situation, or feeling worse.
Exacerbate
Example 1: His harsh words only exacerbated the conflict between them.
Example 2: The lack of rain exacerbated the drought conditions.
Definition: To show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing.
Exculpate
Example 1: The new evidence exculpated the suspect, leading to his release.
Example 2: The investigation exculpated the company from any wrongdoing.
Definition: To feel or express great loathing for something or someone.
Execrate
Example 1: The villagers execrated the tyrant for his cruel rule.
Example 2: She execrated the idea of working on weekends.
Definition: Critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially religious scripture.
Exegesis
Example 1: The scholar’s exegesis of the ancient text provided new insights.
Example 2: The pastor’s exegesis of the Bible passage was both enlightening and inspiring.
Definition: Pressing; demanding immediate attention.
Exigent
Example 1: The exigent situation required quick action from the emergency team.
Example 2: The exigent needs of the refugees could not be ignored.
Definition: Convenient and practical, although possibly improper or immoral.
Expedient
Example 1: It was expedient to lie to avoid further conflict.
Example 2: The company took expedient measures to cut costs, even if it meant layoffs.
Definition: To erase or remove completely.
Expunge
Example 1: The court ordered the record to be expunged after the charges were dropped.
Example 2: She tried to expunge the painful memories from her mind.
Definition: To extend or project known information to an unknown area.
Extrapolate
Example 1: Scientists extrapolated the data to predict future climate trends.
Example 2: From the survey results, we can extrapolate that most people prefer online shopping.
Definition: Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor.
Facetious
Example 1: His facetious remarks during the meeting annoyed his colleagues.
Example 2: She made a facetious comment about the seriousness of the situation.
Definition: Silly and pointless.
Fatuous
Example 1: The fatuous argument between the two friends was over something trivial.
Example 2: His fatuous grin suggested he wasn’t taking the situation seriously.
Definition: An action such as prolonged speaking that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly.
Filibuster
Example 1: The senator staged a filibuster to delay the vote on the controversial bill.
Example 2: The filibuster lasted for hours, frustrating everyone in the chamber.
Definition: To instigate or stir up undesirable actions or feelings.
Foment
Example 1: The agitator tried to foment rebellion among the workers.
Example 2: His speech was designed to foment discontent among the population.
Definition: To deny or contradict.
Gainsay
Example 1: No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
Example 2: Her achievements are such that no one can gainsay her talent.
Definition: Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.
Garrulous
Example 1: The garrulous old man kept the neighbors entertained with his stories.
Example 2: Her garrulous nature made it difficult to get a word in during conversations.
Definition: Lacking social grace; awkward.
Gauche
Example 1: His gauche behavior at the formal dinner embarrassed his date.
Example 2: The gauche comment made everyone in the room uncomfortable.
Definition: Pompous or extravagant in language, style, or manner.
Grandiloquent
Example 1: The politician’s grandiloquent speech failed to impress the audience.
Example 2: His grandiloquent writing style made the essay difficult to read.
Definition: Fond of company; sociable.
Gregarious
Example 1: The gregarious host made sure everyone felt welcome at the party.
Example 2: Her gregarious nature made her popular among her peers.
Definition: Denoting a period of time in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful.
Halcyon
Example 1: She often reminisced about the halcyon days of her childhood.
Example 2: The halcyon years of the company were marked by rapid growth and success.
Definition: A lengthy and aggressive speech.
Harangue
Example 1: The coach delivered a harangue to the team after their poor performance.
Example 2: The politician’s harangue against corruption lasted for over an hour.
Definition: Engaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually self-indulgent.
Hedonistic
Example 1: The hedonistic lifestyle of the rich and famous is often criticized.
Example 2: His hedonistic tendencies led him to prioritize pleasure over responsibility.
Definition: A person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions.
Iconoclast
Example 1: The artist was an iconoclast, challenging traditional norms with his work.
Example 2: The scientist’s iconoclastic theories revolutionized the field.
Definition: Unchanging over time or unable to be changed.
Immutable
Example 1: The laws of physics are considered immutable.
Example 2: His immutable belief in justice guided his actions throughout his life.
Definition: Not feeling or showing emotion.
Impassive
Example 1: The judge remained impassive throughout the emotional testimony.
Example 2: His impassive demeanor made it difficult to tell what he was thinking.
Definition: Having little or no money.
Impecunious
Example 1: The impecunious student struggled to pay for his textbooks.
Example 2: Despite his impecunious state, he remained optimistic about the future.
Definition: Unable to be upset or excited; calm.
Imperturbable
Example 1: The imperturbable captain remained calm during the storm.
Example 2: Her imperturbable nature made her an excellent mediator.
Definition: Acting or done quickly and without thought or care.
Impetuous
Example 1: His impetuous decision to quit his job left him in financial trouble.
Example 2: The impetuous teenager jumped into the river without checking the depth.
Definition: Just begun and so not fully formed or developed.
Inchoate
Example 1: The inchoate plan needed more work before it could be implemented.
Example 2: Her inchoate ideas were promising but lacked detail.
Definition: To instill an idea, attitude, or habit by persistent instruction.
Inculcate
Example 1: The teacher sought to inculcate a love of reading in her students.
Example 2: Parents often try to inculcate good manners in their children.
Definition: Persisting tirelessly.
Indefatigable
Example 1: The indefatigable worker stayed late every night to finish the project.
Example 2: Her indefatigable enthusiasm inspired everyone around her.
Definition: Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.
Indolent
Example 1: The indolent cat spent the entire day sleeping in the sun.
Example 2: His indolent attitude toward his studies resulted in poor grades.
Definition: Impossible to stop or prevent.
Inexorable
Example 1: The inexorable march of time affects everyone.
Example 2: The inexorable rise of technology has transformed society.
Definition: Tending to obstruct or harm.
Inimical
Example 1: The inimical policies of the government stifled economic growth.
Example 2: The harsh weather conditions were inimical to the success of the expedition.
Definition: Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.
Insidious
Example 1: The insidious spread of the disease went unnoticed for months.
Example 2: The insidious influence of social media on mental health is a growing concern.
Definition: Lacking flavor, vigor, or interest.
Insipid
Example 1: The insipid soup had no taste and was barely edible.
Example 2: His insipid presentation failed to capture the audience’s attention.
Definition: Destructive to both sides in a conflict.
Internecine
Example 1: The internecine war devastated the country’s infrastructure.
Example 2: The internecine feud between the two families lasted for generations.
Definition: Unwilling or refusing to change one’s views or to agree about something.
Intransigent
Example 1: The intransigent negotiator refused to compromise on any terms.
Example 2: Her intransigent attitude made it impossible to reach a resolution.
Definition: To accustom someone to something unpleasant.
Inure
Example 1: Soldiers become inured to the hardships of military life.
Example 2: Over time, she became inured to the constant noise of the city.
Definition: Having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
Inveterate
Example 1: He was an inveterate gambler, visiting the casino every weekend.
Example 2: Her inveterate love of books led her to become a librarian.
Definition: Naive, simplistic, and superficial.
Jejune
Example 1: The jejune explanation failed to address the complexity of the issue.
Example 2: His jejune understanding of politics was evident in his simplistic arguments.
Definition: Fond of or characterized by joking; humorous or playful.
Jocular
Example 1: The jocular tone of the conversation kept everyone in good spirits.
Example 2: His jocular remarks lightened the mood during the tense meeting.
Definition: Tearful or given to weeping.
Lachrymose
Example 1: The lachrymose movie left the audience in tears.
Example 2: Her lachrymose reaction to the sad news was understandable.
Definition: Using very few words.
Laconic
Example 1: His laconic reply of “No” left no room for further discussion.
Example 2: The laconic style of the author made his writing concise and powerful.
Definition: Promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters.
Licentious
Example 1: The licentious behavior of the nobleman scandalized the town.
Example 2: The novel was criticized for its licentious content.
Definition: Looking or sounding sad and dismal.
Lugubrious
Example 1: The lugubrious music matched the somber mood of the funeral.
Example 2: His lugubrious expression made it clear that he was unhappy.
Definition: Ineffective or bungling; clumsy.
Maladroit
Example 1: His maladroit handling of the situation made things worse.
Example 2: The maladroit waiter spilled soup on the customer.
Definition: Sweet or musical; pleasant to hear.
Mellifluous
Example 1: The mellifluous sound of the violin filled the concert hall.
Example 2: Her mellifluous voice made her a popular radio host.
Definition: Not telling the truth; lying.
Mendacious
Example 1: The mendacious witness was caught in a web of lies.
Example 2: His mendacious claims were quickly debunked by the evidence.
Definition: A beggar.
Mendicant
Example 1: The mendicant on the street corner asked for spare change.
Example 2: In some cultures, mendicants are supported by the community.
Definition: Subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.
Mercurial
Example 1: The mercurial weather shifted from sunny to stormy in minutes.
Example 2: His mercurial temperament made him difficult to work with.
Definition: A timid or unassertive person.
Milquetoast
Example 1: The milquetoast manager was unable to stand up to his employees.
Example 2: His milquetoast personality made him an unlikely leader.
Definition: Lacking imagination, foresight, or intellectual insight.
Myopic
Example 1: The myopic policy failed to address the long-term consequences.
Example 2: His myopic focus on short-term gains ignored the bigger picture.
Definition: Wicked or criminal.
Nefarious
Example 1: The nefarious activities of the gang were finally exposed.
Example 2: The villain’s nefarious plot was foiled by the hero.
Definition: Surprised and confused so much that one is unsure how to react.
Nonplussed
Example 1: The unexpected question left her nonplussed and speechless.
Example 2: He was nonplussed by the sudden turn of events.
Definition: Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
Obdurate
Example 1: The obdurate child refused to apologize for his behavior.
Example 2: Despite the evidence, the obdurate defendant maintained his innocence.
Definition: To render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
Obfuscate
Example 1: The politician’s obfuscation of the facts confused the public.
Example 2: The technical jargon obfuscated the meaning of the report.
Definition: Obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree.
Obsequious
Example 1: The obsequious waiter fawned over the wealthy customers.
Example 2: His obsequious behavior toward his boss was seen as insincere.
Definition: Noisy and difficult to control.
Obstreperous
Example 1: The obstreperous crowd refused to disperse despite the police’s orders.
Example 2: The obstreperous child disrupted the entire class.
Definition: To remove a need or difficulty.
Obviate
Example 1: The new technology obviated the need for manual labor.
Example 2: Her careful planning obviated potential problems during the trip.
Definition: A manuscript or piece of writing material on which the original writing has been effaced to make room for later writing.
Palimpsest
Example 1: The ancient text was a palimpsest, with layers of writing visible beneath the surface.
Example 2: The city’s architecture was a palimpsest of different historical periods.
Definition: A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Panacea
Example 1: The new policy was touted as a panacea for the country’s economic problems.
Example 2: There is no panacea for the complex issues facing society today.
Definition: Unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy.
Parsimonious
Example 1: The parsimonious landlord refused to make necessary repairs.
Example 2: His parsimonious habits allowed him to save a significant amount of money.
Definition: Translucently clear.
Pellucid
Example 1: The pellucid waters of the lake revealed the colorful fish below.
Example 2: Her pellucid explanation made the complex topic easy to understand.
Definition: Extremely poor; poverty-stricken.
Penurious
Example 1: The penurious family struggled to make ends meet.
Example 2: The penurious conditions in the village were heartbreaking.
Definition: Deceitful and untrustworthy.
Perfidious
Example 1: The perfidious friend betrayed her trust by spreading rumors.
Example 2: The perfidious actions of the spy endangered the entire mission.
Definition: Having a ready insight into and understanding of things.
Perspicacious
Example 1: The perspicacious detective quickly solved the mystery.
Example 2: Her perspicacious analysis of the situation impressed everyone.
Definition: Having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.
Phlegmatic
Example 1: The phlegmatic soldier remained calm under fire.
Example 2: His phlegmatic response to the crisis reassured the team.
Definition: Relating to or involving strongly critical or disputatious writing or speech.
Polemical
Example 1: The polemical article sparked a heated debate among readers.
Example 2: His polemical style made him a controversial figure in the academic world.
Definition: To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.
Precipitate
Example 1: The scandal precipitated the downfall of the government.
Example 2: The sudden storm precipitated a rush to secure the outdoor furniture.
Definition: Using or containing too many words; tediously lengthy.
Prolix
Example 1: The prolix speech bored the audience to tears.
Example 2: His prolix writing style made the essay difficult to read.
Definition: An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Propensity
Example 1: She had a propensity for helping others in need.
Example 2: His propensity for risk-taking led to both successes and failures.
Definition: Eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight.
Pugnacious
Example 1: The pugnacious boxer was known for his aggressive style.
Example 2: His pugnacious attitude often got him into trouble at school.
Definition: Complaining in a petulant or whining manner.
Querulous
Example 1: The querulous child demanded attention from his parents.
Example 2: Her querulous tone made it difficult to take her complaints seriously.
Definition: Exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.
Quixotic
Example 1: His quixotic dream of world peace was met with skepticism.
Example 2: The quixotic plan to build a city on Mars seemed far-fetched.
Definition: Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.
Recalcitrant
Example 1: The recalcitrant student refused to follow the teacher’s instructions.
Example 2: The recalcitrant employee was eventually fired for insubordination.
Definition: Little known; abstruse.
Recondite
Example 1: The professor’s recondite knowledge of ancient languages was impressive.
Example 2: The book’s recondite references made it inaccessible to most readers.
Definition: Strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something.
Redolent
Example 1: The kitchen was redolent with the aroma of freshly baked bread.
Example 2: The old house was redolent of memories from her childhood.
Definition: An unprincipled person.
Reprobate
Example 1: The reprobate was shunned by polite society for his immoral behavior.
Example 2: Despite his reprobate past, he sought redemption in his later years.
Definition: Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
Sagacious
Example 1: The sagacious leader guided the country through turbulent times.
Example 2: Her sagacious advice helped him make the right decision.
Definition: Health-giving; healthy.
Salubrious
Example 1: The salubrious climate of the mountains was ideal for recovery.
Example 2: The salubrious effects of exercise are well-documented.
Definition: Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Sanguine
Example 1: Despite the setbacks, she remained sanguine about the project’s success.
Example 2: His sanguine outlook on life inspired those around him.
Definition: Tending to induce drowsiness or sleep.
Soporific
Example 1: The soporific effect of the warm milk helped her fall asleep.
Example 2: The professor’s soporific lecture put half the class to sleep.
Definition: Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.
Surreptitious
Example 1: The surreptitious meeting took place in a dimly lit alley.
Example 2: She made a surreptitious glance at her notes during the test.
Definition: Reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.
Taciturn
Example 1: The taciturn man rarely spoke, even in social gatherings.
Example 2: Her taciturn nature made it difficult to know what she was thinking.
Definition: Vigorous or incisive in expression or style.
Trenchant
Example 1: The critic’s trenchant review of the film left no room for doubt.
Example 2: His trenchant wit made him a formidable debater.
Definition: Swollen and distended or congested.
Turgid
Example 1: The turgid river overflowed its banks after the heavy rain.
Example 2: His turgid prose made the essay difficult to read.
Definition: Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
Ubiquitous
Example 1: The ubiquitous presence of smartphones has changed how we communicate.
Example 2: Fast food restaurants are ubiquitous in urban areas.
Definition: Bitter and abusive.
Vituperative
Example 1: The vituperative comments on the article were disheartening.
Example 2: His vituperative rant alienated even his closest friends.
Definition: Loud and clamorous.
Vociferous
Example 1: The vociferous crowd demanded answers from the politician.
Example 2: Her vociferous objections to the plan were heard by everyone in the room.
Definition: Attractive or appealing in appearance or character.
Winsome
Example 1: The winsome child charmed everyone she met.
Example 2: His winsome smile made him a favorite among his colleagues.
