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Pharmacy General/Testing > Classifications > Flashcards

Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A

Antibiotic

natural or semisynthetic, broad or narrow spectrum

inhibit bacterial cell wall growth

10% population has allergies (alt: Macrolides - i.e. erythromycin, azityhromycin, such as Z-Pak)

Tips: mox, cillin (Amoxil, Trimox, amoxicillin)

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2
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Antibiotic

semisynthetic, related to Penicillins (cross-sensitivity), broad spectrum, 4 generations

inhibit bacteria cell wall growth

Tips: cef, ceph, kef (Omnicef, Keflex, cefdinir, cephalexin)

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3
Q

Flourquinolones

A

Antibiotic

synthetic, broad spectrum, tolerance beginning due to wide use

damage bacterial DNA

Tips: floxacin (Cipro, Levaquin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)

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4
Q

Macrolides

A

Antiobiotic

synthetic, gram + bacteria, broad spectrum, substitute for penicillin

inhibit synthesis of bacterial proteins

Tips: thromycin (Z-Pak, EES, azithromycin, erythromycin)

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5
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Antibiotic

synthetic, first proven, short, intermediate, and long-acting (based on time to absorb/excrete), aka sulfa drugs

inhibit bacterial inflammatory & immune response

Tips: meth, sulfa (Bactrim, Septra, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim)

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6
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Antibiotic

semisynthetic, broad spectrum, milk and antacids disrupt absorption, used for gram + & gram -

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Tips: cycline (Vibramycin, Doryx, doxycycline)

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7
Q

H-1 Blockers

A

Antihistamine

H1 Blockers block the effect of histamine at H1 receptor sites, prevents symptoms from occurring

Ex: Zyrtec, cetirizine

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8
Q

NSAID

A

Anti-inflammatory (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

reduces pain, fever, inflammation

Ex: (Motrin, Advil - ibuprofen) (Mobic - meloxicam) (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox - naproxen)

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9
Q

Non-benzodiazepine

A

Hypnotic

depress central nervous system, used to induce/maintain sleep or reduce anxiety

act on GABA neurotransmitter to produce a calming effect

Ex: Ambien (Zolpidem)

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10
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Behavior disorder drugs

control symptoms of psychosis or mood disorders, newer are atypical, older are typical

they work on specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin

Tips: pine (Zyprexia / olanzapine; Seroquel / quetiapine, Clozaril / cloapine)

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11
Q

Benzodiazepene

A

Behavior Disorder drugs

treat anxiety and sleep disorders, becoming more common

potentiates the affect of the GABA transmitter, which produces a calming effect

Tips: lam/pam (Xanax / alprazolam, Valium / diazepam, Ativan / lorazepam)

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12
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Behavior Disorder drugs

Used to treat unipolar depression and regulation of sleep patterns

inhibit the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Ex: Elavil, amitriptyline

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13
Q

SSRI

A

Behavior Disorder drugs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

Used to treat major depressive disorders, most common as they have the least serious and fewest side effects

Block the reuptake of serotonin into the neuron, allowing neurotransmitter to stimulate the receptor site, producing the desired response

Tips: pram, etine (Celexa / citelopram, Lexapro / escitalopram, Prozac & Sarafem / flouxetine, Paxil, paroxetine)

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14
Q

SNRI

A

Behavior Disorder drugs (Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors)

Similar to SSRI, can treat depression and neuropathic pain

Inhibit the reuptake of norepineprhine into the neuron, allowing neurotransmitter to stimulate the receptor site, producing the desired response

Ex: Effexor XR / venlafaxine

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15
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Anticonvulsants

Used to prevent or stop seizures, goal is to regulate discharge of neuronal activity to a normal level

believed to work by influencing the GABA neurotransmitters, which suppress the CNS

Ex: Neurotonin / gabapentin

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16
Q

Opiods / Opiate Agonists

A

Narcotic Analgesics

Used to treat more severe pain, semisynthetic or derived naturally from the poppy plant, high abuse risk

Alter the perception of and response to painful stimuli by stimulating the opiate receptors in the brain

Tips: -codone (Vicodon & Lorcet & Loritab / hydrocdone and acetaminophen, OxyContin / oxycodone, Percocet & Tylox / Oxycodone and acetaminophen)

17
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

Antihypertensive Drugs, aka beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists or blockers

Treat hypertension, especially in younger patients, also used for other cardiac disease states like cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial infarction

beta-blockers occupy the B1 receptor site, which increases vasoldilation and decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Tips: ilol, olol (Coreg / carvedilol, Tenormin / atenolol, Lopressor & Toprol / metropolol)

18
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Antihypertensive Drugs (angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors)

Used to reduce blood pressure

Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2, which causes vasoconstriction

Tips : peril (Vasotec / enalapril, Prinivil & Zestril / lisinopril, Altace / ramipril)

19
Q

ARBs

A

Antihypertensive Drugs (Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers)

Used to treat hypertension, can be given once a day which increases patient compliance, only antihypertensive drugs that have no specific side effects

A2 receptor antagonists block the effects of the angiotensin 2 at receptor sites, preventing vasoconstriction

Ex: Diovan / valsartan

20
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

Antihyperlipidemic Drugs

Used to lower cholesterol, mostly by reducing LDL and increasing HDL

work by limiting the HMG-COA reductase synthesis, which is necessary to produce LDL (the bad cholesterol)

Tips: -statin, Trade often end in -or (Zocor/ simvastatin, Lipitor / atorvastatin, Mevacor / lovastatin, Pravachol / pravastatin, Crestor / rosuvastatin)

21
Q

H2 Blockers

A

Stomach Anti-Acidic Drugs (Histamine 2 receptor antagonists)

Used to treat hypersecretory conditions which cause an excess of stomach acid

H2 receptor antagonists work by inhibiting the interaction of histamine at H2 receptor sites

Ex: Zantac / ranitidine

22
Q

Proton Pump inhibtors

A

Stomach Anti-Acidic Drugs

Used to treat hypersecretory conditions which cause an excess of stomach acid

Proton Pump Inhibitors prevent the transport of hydrogen to the gastric system, which decreases the amount of stomach acid that can be produced

Tips - prazole (Nexium / esomeprazole, Prevacid / lansoprazole, Prilosec / omeprazole, Prontonix / pantoprazole)

23
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Antidiabetic Drugs

Used to treat type-2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)

stimulate the production of insulin in the beta cells of the pancreas

Ex: Glucotrol / glipizide

24
Q

Biguanides

A

Antidiabetic Drugs

Used to treat type-2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)

reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose

Ex: Glucophage / metformin

Pharmacy General/Testing (4 decks)

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