Classifications Flashcards
Penicillins
Antibiotic
natural or semisynthetic, broad or narrow spectrum
inhibit bacterial cell wall growth
10% population has allergies (alt: Macrolides - i.e. erythromycin, azityhromycin, such as Z-Pak)
Tips: mox, cillin (Amoxil, Trimox, amoxicillin)
Cephalosporins
Antibiotic
semisynthetic, related to Penicillins (cross-sensitivity), broad spectrum, 4 generations
inhibit bacteria cell wall growth
Tips: cef, ceph, kef (Omnicef, Keflex, cefdinir, cephalexin)
Flourquinolones
Antibiotic
synthetic, broad spectrum, tolerance beginning due to wide use
damage bacterial DNA
Tips: floxacin (Cipro, Levaquin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
Macrolides
Antiobiotic
synthetic, gram + bacteria, broad spectrum, substitute for penicillin
inhibit synthesis of bacterial proteins
Tips: thromycin (Z-Pak, EES, azithromycin, erythromycin)
Sulfonamides
Antibiotic
synthetic, first proven, short, intermediate, and long-acting (based on time to absorb/excrete), aka sulfa drugs
inhibit bacterial inflammatory & immune response
Tips: meth, sulfa (Bactrim, Septra, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim)
Tetracyclines
Antibiotic
semisynthetic, broad spectrum, milk and antacids disrupt absorption, used for gram + & gram -
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Tips: cycline (Vibramycin, Doryx, doxycycline)
H-1 Blockers
Antihistamine
H1 Blockers block the effect of histamine at H1 receptor sites, prevents symptoms from occurring
Ex: Zyrtec, cetirizine
NSAID
Anti-inflammatory (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
reduces pain, fever, inflammation
Ex: (Motrin, Advil - ibuprofen) (Mobic - meloxicam) (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox - naproxen)
Non-benzodiazepine
Hypnotic
depress central nervous system, used to induce/maintain sleep or reduce anxiety
act on GABA neurotransmitter to produce a calming effect
Ex: Ambien (Zolpidem)
Antipsychotics
Behavior disorder drugs
control symptoms of psychosis or mood disorders, newer are atypical, older are typical
they work on specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin
Tips: pine (Zyprexia / olanzapine; Seroquel / quetiapine, Clozaril / cloapine)
Benzodiazepene
Behavior Disorder drugs
treat anxiety and sleep disorders, becoming more common
potentiates the affect of the GABA transmitter, which produces a calming effect
Tips: lam/pam (Xanax / alprazolam, Valium / diazepam, Ativan / lorazepam)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Behavior Disorder drugs
Used to treat unipolar depression and regulation of sleep patterns
inhibit the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Ex: Elavil, amitriptyline
SSRI
Behavior Disorder drugs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Used to treat major depressive disorders, most common as they have the least serious and fewest side effects
Block the reuptake of serotonin into the neuron, allowing neurotransmitter to stimulate the receptor site, producing the desired response
Tips: pram, etine (Celexa / citelopram, Lexapro / escitalopram, Prozac & Sarafem / flouxetine, Paxil, paroxetine)
SNRI
Behavior Disorder drugs (Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors)
Similar to SSRI, can treat depression and neuropathic pain
Inhibit the reuptake of norepineprhine into the neuron, allowing neurotransmitter to stimulate the receptor site, producing the desired response
Ex: Effexor XR / venlafaxine
Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants
Used to prevent or stop seizures, goal is to regulate discharge of neuronal activity to a normal level
believed to work by influencing the GABA neurotransmitters, which suppress the CNS
Ex: Neurotonin / gabapentin
Opiods / Opiate Agonists
Narcotic Analgesics
Used to treat more severe pain, semisynthetic or derived naturally from the poppy plant, high abuse risk
Alter the perception of and response to painful stimuli by stimulating the opiate receptors in the brain
Tips: -codone (Vicodon & Lorcet & Loritab / hydrocdone and acetaminophen, OxyContin / oxycodone, Percocet & Tylox / Oxycodone and acetaminophen)
Beta-Blockers
Antihypertensive Drugs, aka beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists or blockers
Treat hypertension, especially in younger patients, also used for other cardiac disease states like cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial infarction
beta-blockers occupy the B1 receptor site, which increases vasoldilation and decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Tips: ilol, olol (Coreg / carvedilol, Tenormin / atenolol, Lopressor & Toprol / metropolol)
ACE Inhibitors
Antihypertensive Drugs (angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors)
Used to reduce blood pressure
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2, which causes vasoconstriction
Tips : peril (Vasotec / enalapril, Prinivil & Zestril / lisinopril, Altace / ramipril)
ARBs
Antihypertensive Drugs (Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers)
Used to treat hypertension, can be given once a day which increases patient compliance, only antihypertensive drugs that have no specific side effects
A2 receptor antagonists block the effects of the angiotensin 2 at receptor sites, preventing vasoconstriction
Ex: Diovan / valsartan
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
Used to lower cholesterol, mostly by reducing LDL and increasing HDL
work by limiting the HMG-COA reductase synthesis, which is necessary to produce LDL (the bad cholesterol)
Tips: -statin, Trade often end in -or (Zocor/ simvastatin, Lipitor / atorvastatin, Mevacor / lovastatin, Pravachol / pravastatin, Crestor / rosuvastatin)
H2 Blockers
Stomach Anti-Acidic Drugs (Histamine 2 receptor antagonists)
Used to treat hypersecretory conditions which cause an excess of stomach acid
H2 receptor antagonists work by inhibiting the interaction of histamine at H2 receptor sites
Ex: Zantac / ranitidine
Proton Pump inhibtors
Stomach Anti-Acidic Drugs
Used to treat hypersecretory conditions which cause an excess of stomach acid
Proton Pump Inhibitors prevent the transport of hydrogen to the gastric system, which decreases the amount of stomach acid that can be produced
Tips - prazole (Nexium / esomeprazole, Prevacid / lansoprazole, Prilosec / omeprazole, Prontonix / pantoprazole)
Sulfonylureas
Antidiabetic Drugs
Used to treat type-2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)
stimulate the production of insulin in the beta cells of the pancreas
Ex: Glucotrol / glipizide
Biguanides
Antidiabetic Drugs
Used to treat type-2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)
reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose
Ex: Glucophage / metformin
