Classification within Kingdom Animalia (lecture 16) Flashcards
Choose one: All animals are (unicellular/multicellular) and (prokaryotic/eukaryotic).
All animals are multicellular and eukaryotic.
Animals lack cell walls but have an _____ _____ instead.
Animals lack cell walls but have an extracellular matrix instead (ECM).
What is an extracellular matrix?
The ECM is a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules, such as collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins, that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
What is the main mode of reproduction for animals? Are there any exceptions?
The main mode of reproduction is sexual. However, some animals can reproduce asexually.
Choose one: The (haploid/diploid) stage dominates the animal life cycle.
The diploid stage stage dominates the life cycle.
What do sperm have that make them motile? What does this allow for them to do? Are eggs motile?
Sperm have flagella which make them motile, meaning they can swim to fertilize a non-motile egg.
The Kingdom Animalia is often divided into two subkingdoms. What are they?
The Metazoa are divided into the Parazoa and the Eumetazoa.
What do Parazoa lack?
The Parazoa lack true tissues, meaning they don’t have groups of cells that work together like within a tissue.
Eumetazoa, unlike Parazoa, have _____ _____.
Eumetazoa, unlike Parazoa, have true tissues.
What are the two types of animals within the Eumetazoa?
Radiata and Bilateria.
Choose one: Radiata have (bilateral/radial) symmetry and are (diploblastic/triploblastic).
Choose one: Radiata have radial symmetry and are diploblastic.
The only phylum of the radiata animal type is the _____ _____. What animals can be found within this phylum?
The only phylum of the radiata animal type is the phylum Cnidaria, consisting of jellyfish and hydras.
Choose one: Bilateria have (bilateral/radial) symmetry and are (diploblastic/triploblastic).
Choose one: Bilateria have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic.
Bilateria consists of many phyla, all of which demonstrate _____ (hint: the word describes the concentration of…).
Bilateria consists of many phyla, all of which demonstrate cephalization.
What is cephalization?
Cephalization is an increased concentration of sensory organs at the anterior end of an organism (forming the head).
What is radial symmetry?
Radial symmetry means that there is no left and right side, and that any imaginary slice through the central axis of that organism would divide it into two equal (symmetrical) parts.
What is radial symmetry?
Radial symmetry means that there is no left and right side, and that any imaginary slice through the central axis of that organism would divide its exterior into two equal (symmetrical) parts.
What is bilateral symmetry?
Bilateral symmetry means that there is a left and a right side. This implies that there is only one imaginary slice that would divide the exterior of the animal into equal parts (straight down the center between the left and right side).
Name and describe what occurs after a zygote reaches the blastula stage. What is the resulting structure called?
After reaching the blastula stage, gastrulation occurs, which is when the hollow ball of cells folds into itself, forming an inner and outer layer. The resulting structure is called a gastrula.
What are the inner and outer layers of cells of a gastrula called?
The inner layer of cells (the result of the gastrulation) is referred to as the endoderm and the outer layer is the ectoderm.
What is the archenteron and where is it located?
The archenteron is a primitive gut, meaning it will develop into the digestive system of the final organism. It is located within the pocket of the endoderm.
