Classification, Structure, and Solidification Of Materials

Question 1

Metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers are the four major groups of which type of materials?

Answer 1

Engineering materials

Question 2

An example of a substitutional alloy, one where a specific atom in a metal has been replaced by another from a different element, would be

Answer 2

Brass

Question 3

A basic property of metal that allows it to be extensively deformed under compression without fracturing at room temperature and relatively high strain rates is called

Answer 3

Malleability

Question 4

Large quantities of metals are used in engineering materials because of

Answer 4

The wide variety of mechanical properties and ability to conduct electricity and heat.

Question 5

What type of engineering material has the ability to keep its strength at high temperature(higherthan most metals and polymers), and is resistant to most chemicals because of the strength and stability of its bonds

Answer 5

Ceramics

Question 6

Thermistors are made from which of the following

Answer 6

Intrinsic semiconductors

Question 7

Diodes, light-emitting diodes, and transistors are all examples of which of the following

Answer 7

Extrinsic semiconductors

Question 8

Recycling and re-melting are two of the big advantages of which type of polymer

Answer 8

Thermoplastic

Question 9

Examples of natural composites would include which of the following?

Answer 9

Wood and granite

Question 10

The properties of composites are greatly influenced by the type of matrix and

Answer 10

The type, shape, and size of the reinforcement materials used.

Question 11

Despite the advances in the use of composite materials, the largest quantity of composites compromises

Answer 11

Concrete

Question 12

Nearly inert, porous growth, surface reactive, and absorbable are all examples of what broad classification of engineering materials?

Answer 12

Biomaterials

Question 13

Materials that change shape with temperature, change dimension with application of an electrical impulse, or respond to strain by producing a magnetic field are called

Answer 13

Smart materials

Question 14

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to A s which of the following?

Answer 14

Atomic or Z-number

Question 15

Regarding the elements on the periodic table, a neutral atom has

Answer 15

The same number of protons as electrons

Question 16

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons in there nucleus are referred to as

Answer 16

Isotopes

Question 17

Ionic, covalent,and metallic bonding are all examples of what general type of chemical bonding?

Answer 17

Strong bonds

Question 18

Which type of bonds always found in compounds that contain both metallic and nonmetallic elements?

Answer 18

Ionic

Question 19

Two atoms that are covalently bonded will share at least

Answer 19

One electron

Question 20

The three most common lattice structures for metals include which of the following

Answer 20

Body-centered cubic, face centerd cubic, hexagonal close packed.

Question 21

Iron has a body-centered cubic structure at room temperature, but as it is heated thin structure changes to

Answer 21

Face-centered cubic

Question 22

A material that has no well-defined crystalline structure is often described as _______________in nature

Answer 22

Amorphous

Question 23

Prior to the onset of yield, ratio between stress (amount of forse per unit area) and strain ( change in length per unit length) is known as

Answer 23

Modulus of elasticity

Question 24

If an entire piece of material is only one crystal, its properties will vary with direction. That material is set to be

Answer 24

Anisotropic

Question 25

If an entire piece of material is made up of small crystals that are randomly oriented and its properties are identical regardless of direction, the material is said to be

Answer 25

Isotropic

Question 26

Temporary deformation of a material when stress is applied, which fully reverses when stress is removed, is also known as

Answer 26

Elastic deformation

Question 27

Permanent deformation of a material when a stress is applied and then removed is also known as

Answer 27

Plastic deformation

Question 28

A ________ phase diagram graphically illustrates the relationship between temperature, composition, and the phase present in a particular allo system

Answer 28

Equilibrium

Question 29

An iron-carbon mixture with more than 2.11% carbon is commonly referred to as

Answer 29

Cast iron

Question 30

Heating a piece of material to specific temperature range, holding at the temperature for a period of time, and cooling it slowly at a specific cooling rate describes what metal-working proces

Answer 30

Annealing

Question 31

Annealling to remove strain hardening due to previous cold working and to restore ductility so that additional cold working on the product can be performed is called

Answer 31

Process annealing

Question 32

The technique used to provide uniformity in grain size and composition throughout the thickness of steel prior to further processing is called

Answer 32

Normalizing

Question 33

When some alloys are aged at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature, it increases the mechanical properties due to the precipitation of alloying elements. This procedure is called

Answer 33

Precipitation hardening

Question 34

The degradation of a material, or deterioration of physical properties, due to a reaction with its environment describes

Answer 34

Corrosion

Question 35

The most common type of corrosion, which is caused by a chemical or electrochemical reaction that deteriorates the entire exposed surface of the material, is referred to as

Answer 35

General corrosion

Question 36

Corrosion that occurs under gaskets or seals, inside cracks or seams, or in spaces filled with deposits and under sludge piles is called

Answer 36

Crevice corrosian

Question 37

Corrosion that occurs as a result of localized attack attack at or near the grain boundaries in a metal or alloy is called

Answer 37

Intergranular corrosion

Question 38

The imperfection of crystals that are missing or have a few extra atoms is referred to as

Answer 38

Point defect

Question 39

What the crystalline lattice is deformed in a spiral form, the dislocation is called

Answer 39

Screw dislocation

Question 40

When the material is “cold worked” at room temperature, causing plastic deformation, it becomes harder to deform. This process is called

Answer 40

Strain hardening

Question 41

A material that is plastically deformed (rolled, pressed, drawn, extruded, and so on) above it’s recrysttallization temperature is said to have been

Answer 41

Hot worked