Classification, Structure, and Solidification Of Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers are the four major groups of which type of materials?

A

Engineering materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An example of a substitutional alloy, one where a specific atom in a metal has been replaced by another from a different element, would be

A

Brass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A basic property of metal that allows it to be extensively deformed under compression without fracturing at room temperature and relatively high strain rates is called

A

Malleability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large quantities of metals are used in engineering materials because of

A

The wide variety of mechanical properties and ability to conduct electricity and heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of engineering material has the ability to keep its strength at high temperature(higherthan most metals and polymers), and is resistant to most chemicals because of the strength and stability of its bonds

A

Ceramics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thermistors are made from which of the following

A

Intrinsic semiconductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diodes, light-emitting diodes, and transistors are all examples of which of the following

A

Extrinsic semiconductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recycling and re-melting are two of the big advantages of which type of polymer

A

Thermoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of natural composites would include which of the following?

A

Wood and granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The properties of composites are greatly influenced by the type of matrix and

A

The type, shape, and size of the reinforcement materials used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Despite the advances in the use of composite materials, the largest quantity of composites compromises

A

Concrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nearly inert, porous growth, surface reactive, and absorbable are all examples of what broad classification of engineering materials?

A

Biomaterials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Materials that change shape with temperature, change dimension with application of an electrical impulse, or respond to strain by producing a magnetic field are called

A

Smart materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to A s which of the following?

A

Atomic or Z-number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regarding the elements on the periodic table, a neutral atom has

A

The same number of protons as electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons in there nucleus are referred to as

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ionic, covalent,and metallic bonding are all examples of what general type of chemical bonding?

A

Strong bonds

18
Q

Which type of bonds always found in compounds that contain both metallic and nonmetallic elements?

A

Ionic

19
Q

Two atoms that are covalently bonded will share at least

A

One electron

20
Q

The three most common lattice structures for metals include which of the following

A

Body-centered cubic, face centerd cubic, hexagonal close packed.

21
Q

Iron has a body-centered cubic structure at room temperature, but as it is heated thin structure changes to

A

Face-centered cubic

22
Q

A material that has no well-defined crystalline structure is often described as _______________in nature

A

Amorphous

23
Q

Prior to the onset of yield, ratio between stress (amount of forse per unit area) and strain ( change in length per unit length) is known as

A

Modulus of elasticity

24
Q

If an entire piece of material is only one crystal, its properties will vary with direction. That material is set to be

A

Anisotropic

25
Q

If an entire piece of material is made up of small crystals that are randomly oriented and its properties are identical regardless of direction, the material is said to be

A

Isotropic

26
Q

Temporary deformation of a material when stress is applied, which fully reverses when stress is removed, is also known as

A

Elastic deformation

27
Q

Permanent deformation of a material when a stress is applied and then removed is also known as

A

Plastic deformation

28
Q

A ________ phase diagram graphically illustrates the relationship between temperature, composition, and the phase present in a particular allo system

A

Equilibrium

29
Q

An iron-carbon mixture with more than 2.11% carbon is commonly referred to as

A

Cast iron

30
Q

Heating a piece of material to specific temperature range, holding at the temperature for a period of time, and cooling it slowly at a specific cooling rate describes what metal-working proces

A

Annealing

31
Q

Annealling to remove strain hardening due to previous cold working and to restore ductility so that additional cold working on the product can be performed is called

A

Process annealing

32
Q

The technique used to provide uniformity in grain size and composition throughout the thickness of steel prior to further processing is called

A

Normalizing

33
Q

When some alloys are aged at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature, it increases the mechanical properties due to the precipitation of alloying elements. This procedure is called

A

Precipitation hardening

34
Q

The degradation of a material, or deterioration of physical properties, due to a reaction with its environment describes

A

Corrosion

35
Q

The most common type of corrosion, which is caused by a chemical or electrochemical reaction that deteriorates the entire exposed surface of the material, is referred to as

A

General corrosion

36
Q

Corrosion that occurs under gaskets or seals, inside cracks or seams, or in spaces filled with deposits and under sludge piles is called

A

Crevice corrosian

37
Q

Corrosion that occurs as a result of localized attack attack at or near the grain boundaries in a metal or alloy is called

A

Intergranular corrosion

38
Q

The imperfection of crystals that are missing or have a few extra atoms is referred to as

A

Point defect

39
Q

What the crystalline lattice is deformed in a spiral form, the dislocation is called

A

Screw dislocation

40
Q

When the material is “cold worked” at room temperature, causing plastic deformation, it becomes harder to deform. This process is called

A

Strain hardening

41
Q

A material that is plastically deformed (rolled, pressed, drawn, extruded, and so on) above it’s recrysttallization temperature is said to have been

A

Hot worked