Classification of Subkingdom Protozoa Flashcards
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
✓ Subphylum mastigophora
✓ Subphylum Sarcodina
Under Phylum Sarcomastigophora with 1 or more flagella
Subphylum Mastigophora
Under Phylum Sarcomastigophora with pseudopodia
Subphylum Sarcodina
This phylum includes three sub-phyla
✓ Mastigophora
✓ Opalinata
✓ Sarcodina
produces spores, no locomotory organ
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
✓ nucleus is of one type, except in HETEROKARYOTIC FORAMINIFERA
✓ locomotory organs are either pseudo-podia or flagella or both
✓ reproduction asexually, but when sexually it is essentially by syngamy
Phylum Apicomplexa
✓ All species are parasitic in nature
✓ Anterior part of the body forms apical complex
✓ Apical complex is made up of polar rings, rhoptries, micronemes, conoid, and subpellicular microtubules
✓ microspores generally present at some stage
✓ they reproduce sexually by syngamy
Examples of Phylum Apicomplexa
✓ Monocystis
✓ Gregarina
✓ Plasmodium
✓ Babesia sp.
✓ Perkinsus sp.
produces spores with polar filament
Phylum Microspora
Examples of Phylum Microspora
✓ Nosema
✓ Burkea
✓ Hessea
✓ Candospora
with amoeboid germinal elements in multicellular spores; trophozoites are multicellular
Phylum Myxozoa
with cilia
Phylum Ciliphora
Example of phylum ciliphora with cilia
Paramecium
Phylum Ciliphora
✓ Most of the species are free living, quite a number are commensal, some truly parasitic and a large number are found as synphorionts on variety of hosts
✓ Simple cilia or compound ciliary organelles are present in atleast one stage of life cycle
✓ Subpellicular cilia is present even when surface cilia is absent
✓ Nuclei are of two types
✓ Presence of typical contractile vacuole
✓ Nutrition heterotrophic
✓ Asexual reproduction by transverse binary fission, budding and multiple fission also occur.
✓ Sexual reproduction involves conjugation autogamy and cytogamy
Blood and Tissue Flagellates
Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma sp.
contains members which are parasitic- live in blood or fixed tissues of vertebrates at some time in their life cycle. All forms absorb nutrients from their hosts through the cell membrane (no phagocytosis or cytostomal ingestion)
Order Trypanosomatida
bear one or more long, slender flagella for locomotion
Flagellates
The Flagellum is also called an ___________ by those engaged in protozoology to accentuate it’s structural differences from the Flagellum of bacteria
undulipodium
important parasites of humans
Leishmania and Trypanosoma
structure that gives rise to the Flagellum
kinetosome
dense area of mitochondrial DNA that gives rise to a mitochondrion- located just posterior to kinetosome
Kinetoplasm
is too small to be resolved
kinetosome
only seen than kinetosome
kinetoplast
possesses only amastigote and promastigote forms
Leishmania spp.
has only epimastigote and trypomastigote
Trypanosoma brucei
has all four forms
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma
- Flagellate protozoan parasites that live in the blood, lymph and various tissues of their vertebrate hosts
- parasites of all vertebrate classes
- majority are transmitted by blood-feeding invertebrates, although other transmission mechanisms exist
