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Pain > Classification of pain > Flashcards

Classification of pain Flashcards

1
Q

Three main ways to classify pain

A

Duration- acute/chronic
Cause-cancer vs non cancer
Mechanism- nociceptive, inflammatory, neuropathic, (Dys)functional

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2
Q

Characteristics of acute pain

A
  • Pain of recent onset and probably limited duration
  • Obvious tissue injury
  • Varying severity
  • Intensity related to extent of injury
  • Predictable time course
  • Treatments usually successful
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3
Q

Characteristics of chronic pain

A

Pain lasting for more than 3 months

Pain lasting after normal healing

Sometimes non identifiable

May be no obvious pathologic process

Intensity unrelated to tissue injury

Unpredictable time course

Difficult to treat

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4
Q

What is cancer pain

A

Progressive

May be mixture of acute and chronic

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5
Q

What is non-cancer rpain

A

Many different causes

Chronic or acute

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6
Q

What is nociceptive pain

A

‘good’ pain because it is protective

Sensation associated with detection of potentially tissue-damaging noxious stimuli

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7
Q

What is inflammatory pain

A

Obvious tissue injury or illness

Associated with tissue damage and infiltration of immune cells and can promote relain by causing pain hypersensitivity until healing occurs

Protective function

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8
Q

What does inflammatory pain feel like

A

Sharp and/or dull
Aching
throbbing

Well localised

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9
Q

What is pathological pain

A

Maladaptive

Results from abnormal functioning of nervous system

[disease states caused by damage to the nervous system- neuropathic pain

or by its abnormal function- dysfunctional pain]

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10
Q

What causes pathological pain

A

Disease states caused by damage to nervous system (neuropathic pain) or by its abnormal function (nocoplastic pain)

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11
Q

What is neuropathic pain caused by

A

Lesion or disease of the sensory nervous system

Tissue injury may not be obvious

Does not have protective function

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12
Q

What does neuropathic pain feel like

A

Burning, shooting, pins and needles, or numbness

Less well localised

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13
Q

Peripheral causes of neuropathic pain

A 
Post surgery 
nerve injury 
plexus avulsion 
Amputatin
Compression syndrome 
Infections (herpes, HIV)
Trigeminal neuralgia 
Diabetes
Toxins, e.g. ethanol
Drugs inc chemo, metronidazole, hydralazine
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14
Q

Spinal causes of neuropathic pain

A 
MS
Spinal injury 
Tumour 
Arachnoiditis 
Syrinx
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15
Q

Brain causes of neuropathic pain

A 
Stroke
MS
TUmour
Epilepsy
Syrinx
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16
Q

What is nociplastic pain and what’s the cause

A

Substantial pain but no noxious stimulus and no, or minimal, peripheral inflammatory pathology

NO neural damage (i.e. functional problem)

17
Q

What conditions cause nocoplastic pain

A

Fibromyalgia, IBS, tension type headaches, temporomandibular joint disease, interstitial cystitis

18
Q

What are acute non cancer pains usually

A 
Usually nociceptive 
Occasionally neuropathic (e.g. sciatica)
19
Q

What conditions are associated with chronic non cancer pain

A

Chronic back pain, arthritis. Cause may not be obvious

20
Q

What type of pain may cause chronic non-cancer pain and what does this mean for treatment

A

Nociceptive and neuropathic

different treatments may be needed

21
Q

What can the effect of long term pain be

A 
Depressio 
Sleep disturbances 
Fatigue 
Impaired physical functioning 
Impaired concentration 
Time off work
Less active
22
Q

What may cause cancer pain

A

Bone metastases

Nerve compression

23
Q

What type of pain is cancer pain usually

A

Often mixed nociceptive and neuropathic

Usually gets worse over time if untreated

24
Q

What is not a good discriminator of pain

A

Duration of symptoms

25
Q

Does neuropathic pain have a protective function

A

No

26
Q

What is (dys)functional pain

A

Substantial pain but no noxious stimuli and no, or minimal, peripheral inflammatory pathology

No neuronal damage

27
Q

Which conditions are associated with (dys)functional pain

A 
Fibromyalgia 
IBS
Tension headaches 
TMJ disease 
Interstitial cystitis

Pain (11 decks)

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