classification of neoplasms

Question 1

benign vs malignant neoplasms features (7 each)

Answer 1

benign - encapsulated; non invasive; highly differentiated; few mitotic figures; slow/no growth; little nanplasia; non-metastatic

malignany - non encapsulated; invasive; poorly differentiated; mitotic figures common; rapid growth; anaplastic; metastatic/capable of being metastatic

Question 2

what does anaplastic mean

Answer 2

cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells

Question 3

what is a neavus

Answer 3

A benign growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes

Question 4

what classification to haematopoetic cancers generally use and why

Answer 4

WHO classification asTNM is only for solid tumours

Question 5

4 cell lineages that can be affects by haematological cancers

Answer 5

myeloid; lymphoid; histioytic/dendritic cell; mast cell

Question 6

ann arbor classification

Answer 6

1. Involvement of a single lymphatic site;
2. Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm;
3. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension;
4. Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement

Question 7

characteristics of popcorn cells

Answer 7

found in non-classical HL; large, mononucleated cells with a lacunae surrounding them

Question 8

what translocation is seen in follicular lymphoma

Answer 8

14->18

Question 9

MOA of follicular lymphoma

Answer 9

t(14;18) translocation -> juxtaposition of IgH with bcl-2 locus -> over expression of bcl-2 -> reduced apoptosis and increased survival of neoplastic clone

Question 10

how can diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arise

Answer 10

primary - de novo mutation;
secondary - transformation from a low grade lymphoma

Question 11

markers for T cells and B cells in DLBCL

Answer 11

t cells - CD3
B cells - CD20

Question 12

what can lead to acquired MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma

Answer 12

Hx of chronic inflammatory disorder; infection - H.pylori; autoimmunity; Abx toxicity

Question 13

what lymphoproliferative disorder is associated with RA

Answer 13

iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IIALDs)

Question 14

what is hairy cell leukemia

Answer 14

a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes; mature cells appear small, with oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm that have “hair” projection - fried egg appearance;

Question 15

what mutation is associated with hairy cell leukemia

Answer 15

BRAF-V600E