Classification of matter

Question 1

Define matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 2

Define a molecule

Answer 2

Smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist.

Question 3

Define an atom

Answer 3

Smallest particle of an element that can take place in a chemical reaction.

Question 4

Define a compound

Answer 4

A pure substance that consists of 2 or more elements chemically joined together in fixed ratios.

Question 5

Define a substance

Answer 5

Something that consists of 1 type of matter has a constant composition and cannot be separated into simpler components by physical means.

Question 6

Define a homogeneous mixture

Answer 6

A mixture of uniform composition which all components are in the same phase.

Question 7

Define a heterogeneous mixture

Answer 7

A mixture of non uniform composition and consists of visibly different substances or phases.

Question 8

Define suspension

Answer 8

A heterogeneous mixture of solid particles mixed with a liquid, which the solid does not dissolve in the liquid.

Question 9

Define emulsion

Answer 9

A heterogeneous mixture with a stable distribution of a liquid in another liquid.

Question 10

define solution

Answer 10

a homogeneous mixture of a solute and solvent

Question 11

define solute

Answer 11

a substance that is dissolved in the solution

Question 12

define solvent

Answer 12

a substance in which another substance is dissolved

Question 13

define concentration

Answer 13

the amount of solute per unit volume of solution

Question 14

distinguish between chemical and physical properties

Answer 14

chemical properties mean if altered will/can change the chemical nature of a substance while physical properties are those that can change without altering the chemical nature of a substance

Question 15

define strength

Answer 15

ability of a material to resist stress and strain

Question 16

define malleable

Answer 16

ability to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking

Question 17

define ductile

Answer 17

ability to be stretched into a wire

Question 18

define ferromagnetic

Answer 18

a substance that can be easily magnetized so as to easily be attracted to a magnet

Question 19

what is a magnetic alloy

Answer 19

metals that contain at least 1 of the 3 main magnetic elements (iron. copper, nickel)

Question 20

define melting point

Answer 20

Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Question 21

define boiling point

Answer 21

the temperature of a liquid at which its vapor pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure

Question 22

what is a semi-conductor

Answer 22

a substance that can conduct electricity under certain conditions

Question 23

what is the difference between physical and chemical change

Answer 23

physical change is when no new substance is formed while chemical change is when a new substance or substances is formed

Question 24

what is thermal conductivity

Answer 24

ability of a material to conduct heat

Question 25

what are thermal conductors and insulators

Answer 25

conductor- allow heat (energy) to pass through them | insulators- do not allow heat (energy) to pass through them

Question 26

define electrical conductivity

Answer 26

ability of a material to conduct electricty

Question 27

what are electrical conductors and insulators

Answer 27

conductors- substances that allow the passage of electric currents insulators-substances that resist the flow of electric current

Question 28

define mixture

Answer 28

consists of different particles mixed together but not chemically joined

Question 29

give 5 properties of metals

Answer 29

``` high melting and boiling points malleable and ductile shiny lusture high density good electrical conductor good heat conductor some have magnetic properties all solids (except mercury at room temp) ```

Question 30

give 4 properties of non-metals

Answer 30

many are gases at room temperature low densities they are brittle solids good insulators (only carbon is a good conductor) poor electrical conductors (except graphite)

Question 31

what is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation

Answer 31

simple distillation is for a solid and liquid mixture while fractional distillation is for a liquid and liquid mixture provided they boil at different temperatures

Question 32

name 3 magnetic substances

Answer 32

iron nickel and cobalt

Question 33

what is bromine at room temp

Answer 33

a liquid

Question 34

who created the periodic table

Answer 34

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 35

where are non-metals found on the periodic table

Answer 35

right hand side, including hydrogen

Question 36

what is group 17

Answer 36

Halogens

Question 37

what is group 18

Answer 37

noble gases

Question 38

what are halogens

Answer 38

diatomic molecules that exist in all 3 phases at room temp

Question 39

what are noble gases

Answer 39

non reactive monoatomic gases

Question 40

where are metals found on the periodic table

Answer 40

left hand side

Question 41

what is group 1

Answer 41

alkali metals

Question 42

what is group 2

Answer 42

alkaline earth metals

Question 43

what is group 3-12

Answer 43

transition metals

Question 44

name 5 characteristics of metalloids

Answer 44

``` poor electrical conductors (conductivity increases with an increase in temp) brittle solids at room temp not malleable not ductile ```

Question 45

name 4 chemical properties

Answer 45

``` flammable corrosive explosive combusts pH ```

Question 46

name 5 physical properties

Answer 46

``` melting point boiling point density(mass per unit volume) malleability smell ```

Question 47

what do 'A' and 'Z' represent on the periodic table

Answer 47

A- atomic mass | Z- atomic number

Question 48

name 3 uses of magnetic material

Answer 48

compass MRI speakers bank cards (chip)

Question 49

define an element

Answer 49

pure substance consisting of only one type of atom