Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

define an element

A

a pure substance consisting of 1 type of atom that cannot be split or broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means

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2
Q

define an atom

A

the smallest particle of element that can take place in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

what is a postulate

A

a postulate is a statement that is accepted as true without proof

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4
Q

define atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

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5
Q

what is thermal decomposition

A

the decomposing of a substance by heat

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6
Q

what is an anode and a cathode

A

anode- positive electrode

cathode- negative electrode

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7
Q

what does AMU stand for

A

atomic mass unit

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8
Q

what device is used to measure/compare the mass of different atoms

A

a mass spectrometer

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9
Q

define isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

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10
Q

what is electron configuration

A

the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus

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11
Q

what is the ground state

A

the lowest energy level [most stable]

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12
Q

what is the excited state of an electron

A

when an electron absorbs a certain amount of energy and can move to a higher energy level

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13
Q

define orbital

A

region of space around the nucleus where there is a 90% chance/probability of finding an electron

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14
Q

state Pauli’s exclusion principle

A

an orbital can have a maximum of 2 paired electrons, which spin in opposite directions

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15
Q

state Hund’s rule

A

a single electron occupies each orbital before electrons pair

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16
Q

what are nucleons

A

protons and neutrons collectively

17
Q

what are valence electrons

A

the number of electrons that are found in the outer most energy level

18
Q

what are valency electrons

A

the number of unpaired electrons (bonding electrons)

19
Q

what are inert gases

A

elements that are unreactive and have chemical stability (noble gases)

20
Q

what is the charge of a proton and neutron

A

proton- +1

neutron-0

21
Q

where is the electron found

A

in fixed orbits

22
Q

what is the lowest energy level called

A

the ground state

23
Q

state the 3 of Daltons postulates

A

all matter is made up of indivisible indestructible particles called atoms
atoms of a given element are identical
an atom is the smallest particle of an element which can take place in a chemical reaction

24
Q

the mass of each atom is relative to which element/isotope

A

carbon-12

25
Q

what is the name given to electrons found in the inner most shell

A

core electrons

26
Q

what happens when a electron falls back to a lower energy state

A

the electron releases the same amount of energy it absorbed in the form of light

27
Q

what do you call it when a electron releases energy in the form of light

A

we say the energy has being quantized

28
Q

what shape does the 1S orbital have

A

a spherical shape

29
Q

what shape do P orbitals have

A

a hourglass shape (two teared shaped halves)

30
Q

who created the plum pudding model and discovered electrons

A

JJ Thomson

31
Q

who was the first person to discover the atom

A

Democritus

32
Q

who discovered the nucleus

A

Ernest Rutherford

33
Q

who discovered orbitals

A

Schrodinger

34
Q

who discovered the neutron

A

James Chadwick