Classification of Living Things

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

The science of classifying living things.

Question 2

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 2

The taxonomic system used to classify all the organisms on the Earth; illustrates the evolutionary relationships between all living species.

Question 3

Biolography

Question 4

Analogous/Homoplasic Traits

Question 5

Homologous Traits

Question 6

Taxa & Binomial Nomenclature

Question 7

Order

Answer 7

a taxonomic category between family and class.

Question 8

Eukarya

Answer 8

Eukarya is one of the three domains of life. Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Their cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 9

Species

Answer 9

a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can mate with each other to produce offspring.

Question 10

Cladogram

Answer 10

a branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 11

Domain

Answer 11

the rank or taxon of living organisms which is the highest, ranking above kingdom and just below life.

Question 12

Kingdom

Answer 12

the second highest rank in the classification of organisms.

Question 13

Phylum

Answer 13

a taxonomic category between class and kingdom.

Question 14

Class

Answer 14

a taxonomic category between order and phylum.

Question 15

Order

Answer 15

a taxonomic category between family and class.

Question 16

Family

Answer 16

a group of species that are related; a taxonomic rank below the level of order and above genus.

Question 17

Genus

Answer 17

a group of species that are related; a taxonomic rank below the level of family and above species.

Question 18

Eukarya

Answer 18

Eukarya is one of the three domains of life. Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Their cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 19

Bacteria

Answer 19

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Like Archaea, they do not have a nucleus and exist in various shapes such as spherical, cylindrical, and filamentous. They are found almost everywhere on Earth.

Question 20

Archaea

Answer 20

Archaea are single celled microorganisms. Like bacteria, they don’t have a nucleus and exist in various shapes such as spherical, cylindrical, and triangular. They can survive in extreme environments, such as hot springs.

Question 21

Animalia

Answer 21

Animalia is one of the four kingdoms of the domain Eukarya. The Kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular animals that reproduce sexually.

Question 22

Plantae

Answer 22

Plantae is one of the four kingdoms of the domain Eukarya. The Kingdom Plantae can be further classified into subkingdom, superdivision, division and class.

Question 23

Taxonomic level

Answer 23

one of eight levels used by scientists to classify organisms; each species, the lowest taxonomic level, can also be classified into one of the higher levels: genus, family, order, class, phylum kingdom, domain.

Question 24

Fungi

Answer 24

Some fungi, called parasitic fungi, gain nutrient molecules from living organisms. Some fungi, called saprophytic fungi, get much of their nutrition from dead leaves and other parts of plants that are rotting.

Question 25

Nucleoid

Answer 25

circular DNA of a prokaryotic cell.

Question 26

Eukaryota contains four kingdoms:

Answer 26

• Plantae
• Protista
• Animalia
• Fungi

Question 27

Autotrophs

Answer 27

Organisms that make their own food from simple substances and are placed at the bottom of aquatic food chains; use photosynthesis to synthesize their food.

Question 28

Heterotrophs

Answer 28

An organism that cannot synthesize its own food from simple substances.

Question 29

Mixotrophs

Answer 29

An organism that obtains energy and carbon from a variety of sources.

Question 30

Organisms in the kingdom Fungi include:

Answer 30

• Mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.

Question 31

Hyphae

Answer 31

Long filamentous structures.

Question 32

Cellulose

Answer 32

an insoluble polymer that is the main substance in plant cell walls.