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HL Biology > Classification of Biodiversity (5.3) > Flashcards

Classification of Biodiversity (5.3) Flashcards

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1
Q

The hierarchy of taxa

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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2
Q

The Three Domain system

A

Shows the fundamentally different cell types of archaeans (prokaryote), bacteria (prokaryotes) and eukaryotes.

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3
Q

Archaeans/Bacteria

A
  • Prokaryotic cells with no membrane bound organelles (eg. no nucleus).
    Archaea are found in extreme environments like hot springs, Antarctic ice and extremely acidic/alkaline waters.
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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Complex cells with membrane bound organelles.

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5
Q

Classification of Humans (Application)

A

Domain: Eukarya.
Kingdom: Animalia.
Phylum: Chordata.
Class: Mammalia.
Order: Primate.
Family: Hominidae.
Genus: Homo.
Species: sapiens.

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6
Q

Classification of Buttercups (Application)

A

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiospermophyta
Class: Eudicotidae
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Ranunculus
Species: acris

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7
Q

The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms

A

Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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8
Q

The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms (Protoctista)

A

Unicellular (some multicellular). May be auto or heterotrophic. Live in water (marine/aquatic environments).
Examples of Protoctista: euglena, paramecium, amoeba.

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9
Q

The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms (Plantae)

A

Multicellular and autotrophic (possess chlorophyll so also photosynthetic). Their cell walls are made of cellulose.
Examples of Plantae: Mosses, ferns and angiosperms (flowering plants).

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10
Q

The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms (Animalia)

A

Multicellular and heterotrophic. Often motile (capable of motion).

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11
Q

The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms (Fungi)

A

Filamentous or unicellular. Heterotrophic (with extracellular digestion). Their cell walls are made of chitin.
Examples of Fungi: Yeast and mushrooms.

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12
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Unicellular and lack distinct nuclei and membrane bound organelles. Their DNA is mainly circular (plasmids) eg. bacteria, cyanobacteria

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13
Q

Why are Viruses not classified as living organisms?

A

Viruses are not made of living cells and lack the properties of living organisms eg. they do not reproduce independently, they must replicate by invading living cells.

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14
Q

Kingdom: Plantae

A

Plantae are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophs (photosynthetic). Their cell walls are made of cellulose and food is stored as starch.

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15
Q

Phylum: Bryophyta

A

Examples of Bryophyta: Mosses and liverworts.

Bryophyta live in moist, terrestrial environments. They are non-vascular (do not possess transport tissues of xylem or phloem). They have no ‘true’ roots, stems or leaves and reproduce via spores (no seeds or flowers).

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16
Q

Phylum: Filicinophyta

A

Examples of Filicinophyta: Ferns

Filicinophyta live in moist terrestrial environments and are vascular (produce transport tissues xylem, for water, and phloem, for nutrients/food). They possess ‘true’ roots, stems and leaves and reproduce via spores (no seeds or flowers). They have alternation of sporophyte (spore producing) and gametophyte (gamete producing) generations.

17
Q

Phylum: Coniferaphyta

A

Examples of Coniferaphyta: Pine trees

Coniferaphyta live in terrestrial environments and are vascular (possess transport tissues xylem, for water, and phloem, for nutrients/food). They possess ‘true’ roots, stems and leaves. They have male and female cones, the male cones produce pollen and the female cones produce seeds.

18
Q

Phylum: Angiospermophyta

A

Examples of Angiospermophyta: Flowering plants

Angiospermophyta live in terrestrial environments and are vascular (possess transport tissues of xylem, for water, and phloem, for nutrients/food). They possess ‘true’ roots, stems and leaves and produce flowers with male and female gametes (pollen/ova respectively). They produce seeds in the flowers.

19
Q

Kingdom: Animalia

A

Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic. Food stored as glycogen and fat.

20
Q

Porifera

A

Examples of Porifera: Sponges

  • Asymmetrical symmetry
  • No mouth or anus
  • Pores through body
  • Loose collection of cells
21
Q

Cnideria

A

Examples of Cnideria: Jellyfish, anemones, coral

  • Radial symmetry (round)
  • Mouth but no anus (sac gut)
  • Hydrostatic skeleton (no bones)
  • Stinging tentacles
22
Q

Platyhelmintha

A

Examples of Platyhelmintha: Flatworms and tapeworms.

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Mouth but no anus (sac gut)
  • Hydrostatic skeleton
  • Flat body
23
Q

Annelida

A

Examples of Annelida: earthworms, roundworms, nematodes and leeches

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Mouth but no anus (sac gut)
  • Hydrostatic skeleton (no bones)
  • Segmented body
24
Q

Mollusca

A

Examples of Mollusca: Octopus, squids, snails and oysters.

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Mouth and anus
  • Hydrostatic skeleton (no bones)
  • Muscular foot and mantle (respiratory chamber)
  • Most have a shell
25
Q

Arthropoda

A

Examples of Arthropoda: Ants, beetles, crabs, crayfish and centipedes.

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Mouth and anus
  • Exoskeleton made of chitin
  • Jointed appendages (can articulate motion)
26
Q

Chordata

A

Examples of Chordata: Fish, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians.

  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Mouth and anus
  • Endoskeleton made of bone and cartilage
  • Have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail

HL Biology (47 decks)

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