Classification Of Antibacterial Drug Flashcards by Muhammad ASR

Clarification of Antibacterial Drugs

According to the effect on bacteria

According to the spectrum

According to mechanism of action

According to pharnmacodynamic categories ( Dose & Duration)

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Classification According to the effect on bacteria

Cidal
Static

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What we mean by bactericidal

Kill the microorganisms and eradicate the infection (nobody defense mechanism)

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What is bacteriostatic

Stop the growth of microorganisms with the need for the body defense

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E.g for bactericidal

Drug Cell wall Synthesis inhibitors, Aminoglycosides & nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
Penicillin

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E.g for bacteria static

Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol & Macrolides

TCM

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Bacteriostatic shouldn’t be given to….

immunocompromised patientsمرضى نقص المناعة

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E.g for immunocompromised patients

patients taking cortisone
uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus
bone marrow depression
AIDs

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According to the spectrum

Narrow spectrum
Broad spectrum

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Narrow spectrum are ____or____

Mainly +ve
Mainly -ve

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E.g for narrow bactirospectrum mainly +ve

Penicillin G, Vancomycin, Daptomycin, erythromycin, Clindamycin

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E.g for narrow-spectrum mainly-ve

Aminoglycosides, Aztreonam
دبل a

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E.g .Broad spectrum drugs

Amoxicillin, Cephalosporines, Tetracyclines,…

ATCعطس

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According to mechanism of action

Cell wall
Synthesis Inhibitors(Inhibit CW formation but if the CW was formed no need for this drug تشان)
Protein Synthesis
Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid
Synthesis Inhibitors
Folic acid Antagonists(PABA(s)–>FH2(r)–>FH4)
Drug disrupting Cell membrane

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E.g for drug Cell wall
Synthesis Inhibitors

Beta lactam
Non Beta Lactam

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E.g for beta lactam

Penicillins
Cephalosporines
Carbapenems
Monobactam

Put cat cup mono

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E.g for non beta lactum

Vancomycin

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Protein Synthesis
Inhibitors attach(حسب تعبير الدكتور) to

30s,50s

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Protein Synthesis
Inhibitors that attach to 30s

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
AT

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Protein Synthesis
Inhibitors attach to 50s

Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Streptogramins
Linezolid

Nucleic Acid
Synthesis Inhibitors

Metronidazole
Quinolones
Rifampicin

E.g Folic acid Antagonists

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Cotrimoxazole

Drug disrupting Cell membrane :

Daptomycin
Polymyxin

According to pharmacodynamic categories (Dose & Duration) are

A. Con. dependent with PAE
B. Time-dependents without PAE
C. Time-dependent with enhanced PAE

According to pharmacodynamic categories (Dose & Duration) are

A. Concentration-dependent with PAE B. Time-dependents without PAC C. Time-dependent with enhanced PAE(يشتغل على aاوb)

According to pharmacodynamic categories (Dose & Duration) are

A. Concentration dependent with PAE: Aminoglycoside B. Time-dependents without PAC C. Time-dependent with enhanced PAE

E.g for con. Dependent with PAE

Aminoglycosides & quinolones

E.g for Time-dependents without PAE

Beta-lactam & vancomycin

E.g for Time dependent with enhanced PAE

Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines and Linezolid (LET SC)

PAE stand for

Post Antibiotic Effect (PAE)

What is Post Antibiotic Effect

Persistence of antibiotic effect after its level falls below (MIC)

What is MIC

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

Bacterial effect con. Dependent with PAE

Depend on drug concentration (best(OPTIMIC) effect in concentration 10 times MIC)

Bacteria effect in time-dependent with minimal or no PAE

Depend on duration at which the drug level exceed MIC (2-4 times MIC all over period of dosing interval)

Regrowth of bacteria Inhibited between doses in con. Dependent with PAE

Inhibited by PAE (trough drug concentration may fall < MIC without loss of efficacy)

Re growth of bacteria between doses in time-dependent with minimal or no PAE

Start very soon if trough drug con. falls below MIC ( because there is NO PAE)

How we should take con. Dependent on PAE drug

Large infrequent doses or single daily dose are effective as small frequent doses & may be less toxic

Maximize drug concentration is administration of with type of drug

Concentration dependent with PAE

How we should administrate time dependent with no pAe

Small frequent doses & IV infusionsالتقطير are superior over large infrequent doses

Maximize Duration of exposure to drug are found in

Time dependent on no pae

Why we should Avoid combination between static & cidal

static will inhibit growth of bacteria → abolish the effect of bactericidal one which acts only on rapidly growing organisms

E.g for combining static with cidal

e.g. Penicillins & tetracyclines.

E.g for Antibiotics may be cidal against one organism and static against other organisms

Chloramphenicol is static against -ve bacilli and cidal against streptococcal Pneuomoniae

1. Inhibitors of Cell wall Synthesis (Cidal):

:beta lactams, Vancomycin, Bacitracin

Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis (static except..:

Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Streptogramins, Linezolid

Inhibitors of Nucleic acid synthesis (Cidal) :

Quinolones & Rifampicin

Inhibitors of metabolic folic acid pathway (folate antagonists):

Sulfonamides & Trimethoprim (Co-trimoxazole)

Drugs disrupting cell membrane:

Daptomycin, polymyxin & polyenes