Classification based on physical features - Topic 1 Flashcards
What are methods of classification?
- physical features
- reproductive methods
- molecular methods
What does the five-kingdom system consist of?
IN 1969 R.H Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom system of classification
- monera
- protista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
What does the kingdoms revised system consist of?
In 1996, DNA sequencing lead to splitting the kingdom Monera into two kingdoms
- bacteria
- archaea
- protista
- fungi
- plants
- animals
What are domains?
In 1990, Carl Woese proposed that there should be a new category of classification of life - the Domain
This was based on findings from DNA sequencing which showed that life comprises of 3 major evolutionary lineages (called domains)
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
What kingdoms are in Bacteria?
Eubacteria
What kingdoms are in Archaea?
Archaebacteria
What kingdoms are in eukarya?
- protista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
What does the hierarchal system consist of?
Carl Linnaeus grouped organisms into taxonomic ranks (taxa) based on morphology, this system is hierarchal and called the Linnaean System
What does the hierarchical system consist of?
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
What is a domain?
The domain is the highest rank in biological classification.
What are the three domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
What do Archaea and Bacteria contain?
They each contain prokaryotes but differ in structural, genetic, and biochemical characteristics
What does Eukarya contain?
The domain Eukarya contains eukaryotes - which are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a kingdom?
Before the domain taxon was introduced during the 1990s, the kingdom ranked as the highest taxonomic level in classification. There are six kingdoms.
What are the six kingdoms?
- archaea
- bacteria
-protista - fungi
-plantae
-animalia
What us phylum?
The phylum ranks below the kingdom and above the class in taxonomy. Organisms are classified in their phylum or division largely based on general body plan
What is class?
Class ranks below the phylum and above the order in taxonomy. members of a class share more characteristics with each other than they do with other organisms in the same phylum
What is order?
Order ranks below the phylum and above the family in taxonomy. The groups in an order have more in common with each other than they do with other members of the same class
What is family?
In taxonomy family ranks below the order and above the genus. Member of taxonomic family are more closely related to each other than they are to other members of the same order
What is Genus?
Genus is the taxonomic rank between family and species. The groups of organisms in a genus may share many structural similarities and are very closely related to each other. Member of a genus are more closely related to each other than they are to other genera in the same family
What is species?
The species is the most fundamental unit in taxonomy and ranks at the base of the biological classification hierarchy. Members of the same species share the same evolutionary history and are more closely related to each other than they are to any other organism
