Classification and phylogeny

Question 1

what is Phylogeny

Answer 1

the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

-it studies how close different species are related

Question 2

What are the features of artificial classification

Answer 2

-based off of onlya few characteristics
-does not reflect any evolutionary relationships
-limited info
-stable

Question 3

what are the features of natural classification

Answer 3

uses many characteristics
provides a lot of useful info
changes with advancing knowledge
reflects evolutionary relations

Question 3

What does phylogeny tell us about ancestory

Answer 3

any two species living now have had a common ancestor

Question 3

What is the name of the chart which indicates how closely related species are.

Answer 3

Phylogenetic tree- shows evolutionary relationships showing how closely related species are

Question 3

What species are humans closely related to

Answer 3

Humans and Gorillas are closely related

Question 3

How are humans and gorillas closely related

Answer 3

Share same features
have had a common ancestor
can both be classified in the same taxonomic group
both in the same phylogenetic group (monophyletic)

Question 4

what does the term monophyletic mean

Answer 4

used if species are in the same phylogenetic group- if they have evolved from the same species

Question 5

What is a common ancestor

Answer 5

species which 2+ groups have descended from.

Question 6

What is the difference between classification and phylogeny

Answer 6

Classification- organising organisms based off of shared characteristics and grouping them into the taxonomic heirarchy.

Phylogeny- understanding the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 7

why is cytochrome C an important biological molecule in phylogeny

Answer 7

Cytochrome C- A protein found in mitochondria of cells. Scientists can compare the amino acid sequence of cytochrome C between different species. The more similar determine the close relations

Question 8

what is cytochrome c

Answer 8

protein found in the mitochondria of cells, involved in energy production

Question 9

what are the two main biological molecules which are used in phylogeny

Answer 9

Cytochrome C- protein in mitochondria
Haemoglobin

Question 10

How is haemoglobin useful in phylogeny

Answer 10

Used to carry oxygen in blood

Scientists can compare the similarities and differences between the amino acid sequence of haemoglobin between species
to determine phylogeny