Classification and evolution revision

Question 1

Natural Classification

Answer 1

it is classifying organisms into similar groups to reflect how closely related they are to each other

Question 2

Monophyletic

Answer 2

all arisen from the same ancestor O

Question 3

Two species that are most closely related

Answer 3

Have common ancestor L; they show the shortest time back to the common ancestor; only a short time for evolution to make a difference

Question 4

Convergent evolution

Answer 4

A mutation occurs; produces variation; new feature may confer an advantage on the individual; that individual is successful; passes allele on to next generation; a similar feature in an unrelated group living in same environment will also be successful; so similar features develop in unrelated species living in similar environment.

Question 5

Fossil evidence support Darwin’s conclusions

Answer 5

Species alive today are not found as fossils; fossil species are similar to modern species; sequences of fossils in the rock strata show how one species is replaced by another similar species.

Question 6

How does DNA support Darwin’s conclusions

Answer 6

DNA carries the code for characteristics; in sequence of bases; a change in the sequence is a mutation; a small change in the sequence often causes a change in the characteristic; the sequence of DNA of two species can be compared; unrelated species have many differences in DNA; related species have fewer differences in DNA; more mutations occur in longer time span.