Classification and evolution Flashcards
Species definition
A group of organisms that are able to breed and produce fertile offspring
What is classification
A system that organises organisms into groups based on similarities
Benefits of classification
This allows scientists to:
- Identify new species.
- Study evolutionary relationships.
- Understand shared traits and adaptations.
- Share research globally to identify links with organisms on other continents
- Makes research and identification more manageable in global species
Hierarchical taxonomic system
- Domain (lots of organisms)
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species (one organism)
What are the domains and kingdoms?
domains
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
kingdoms
6 kingdom system
- eubacteria
- archaebacteria
- protoctista
- plantae
- fungi
- animalia
5 kingdom system
- prokaryotae
- protoctista
- plantae
- fungi
- animalia
The binomial naming system
- Genus=capital letter
- species lowercase
- in italics if typed/underlined if handwritten
pros
- Latin=universal language=avoids confusion from regional common names for organisms
Characteristics of the kingdoms (prokaryotae)
- unicellular
- x nucleus
- loop of naked DNA
- x membrane bound organelles
- small living
- free living/parasitic
- store food as glycogen
- reproduce by binary fission
Characteristics of the kingdoms (protoctista)
- eukaryotic
- unicellular or simple multicellular
- have nucleus+membrane bound organelles
- sessile=x move or motile=have cilia, flagella or amoeboid
- diverse nutrition=autotrophic (photosynthesise)+heterotrophic (get their food), both or parasitic
Characteristics of the kingdoms (fungi)
- eukaryotic
- unicellular or multicellular with a body of hyphae=form mycelium
- multinucleate+chitin cell wall+membrane bound organelles
- most form spores (reproduction)
- saprophytic=feed by extracellular digestion to parasitic
- x chloroplasts
- store glycogen
Characteristics of the kingdoms (plantae)
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- nucleus+membrane bound organelles
- autotrophic=photosynthesis
- cellulose cell wall
- reproduce by seeds or spores
- store starch
Characteristics of the kingdoms (animalia)
- eukaryote
- multicellular
- nucleus=membrane bound organelles
- heterotrophic
- store glycogen
- complex structure=mobile=cilia, flagella or contractile proteins
