Classification and Ecosystems Test Flashcards
Disease
Organism to cause body to not function in the correct manner
Parasitism
Two organisms in relationship where one is benefits and other is harmed
Commensalism
Two organisms in relationship where one is benefited and on is unaffected
Predation
Form of symbiotic relationship between two organisms e.g seal and killer whale. Predator hunts prey for a source of food
Mutualism
Two organisms in relationship where each Individual benefits e.g bee and flower
Competition
(Interspecific)
(Intraspecific)
Two or more organisms fight over particular resources
Decomposer
Breakdown dead organic matter into inorganic materials, which is recycled back into the soil
e.g fungi and bacteria
Producers
Use light energy to produce chemical energy e.g glucose
Herbivores
Heterotrophic
Carnivore
Heterotrophic
Food Chains show…
Flow of energy
Ultimate source of energy is the SUN
Abiotic Factors
Non living things that effect an ecosystem
e.g temperature, water, pressure
Viscosity
Ability of the organism to move around
Pressure
Force exerted on a body by its medium
Temperature
Results in active or denaturing
Genetic Diversity
Range of different genes in the group and size of a gene pool
Genetic Diversity Importance
Cause variation within a species and important in process of evolution
Species Diversity
The variety of species in an area
Species
A group of organisms that look alike, interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Within a species there is variation
The genes pool of the population contains a variety of alleles for different genes
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Refers to the variety of ecosystems on Earth. Also considers the range of communities in each area.
Ecosystem
The interaction of living things with their environment and with over living things in an area functioning together to make an ecological unit
Levels of Classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Binomial Naming System
- Genus name comes first with capital letter
2. Species name follows with lower case
Need For Classification
Shows trends in development
Show evolution fro simple to complex structures
Assists in identification of unknown organism
Selection Criteria
- structure: physical characteristics are used to group organisms e.g limbs, backbone or fur
- reproduction: ability to reproduce is fundamental to all life
- genetic and biochemical characteristics: the sequence of molecules in DNA and proteins vary greatly. Similar sequence
= closer related
Why is biodiversity important?
Boosts ecosystem productivity and each species has a role to play
Biotic Factors
Living things such as animals and plants that interact with each other.
Phylogenetic Trees
First organism on left is the oldest
Closely related organisms share the same node
Why are food chains short?
Energy is lost moving up trophic levels
10% of energy is passed on each trophic level
Energy is lost during production of heat via Respiration
Other processes include movement
Chordata
Bilateral symmetry 2 openings Cells in three layers True body cavity Hollow dorsal nervous systems e.g fish, amphibians and reptiles
Arthropoda
Two openings Cells in three layers True body cavity Hard exoskeleton Jointed limbs Segmented body e.g insects, spiders and crayfish
Archea
Prokaryotes Unicellular No nucleus Cell wall Both
Bacteria
Prokaryote Unicellular No nucleus Cell wall Both
Plantae
Eukaryote Multicellular Nucleus Cell wall Autotroph
Protista
Eukaryote Unicellular Nucleus Cell Wall Both
Fungi
Eukaryote Multicellular Nucleus Cell wall Heterotroph
Animalia
Eukaryote Multicellular Nucleus No cell wall Heterotroph
