Classification

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

Classification – organising living organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences (both physically and biochemically).

Question 2

Two forma of classification

Answer 2

Two main forms:

ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION

- Divided based on differences that are
  most obvious (colour, size, number of legs etc.)
- Analogous characteristics: organisms have same features used for the same job (wings of birds & butterflies)

2) Natural (Phylogenetic) Classification:

• Based on evolutionary relationships (looks at ancestors)
• Grouped based on features that have been taken from ancestors
• A hierarchy of groups has been formed (see later slides)

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

• The evolutionary relationship between organisms
• Studies the evolutionary branch that led to the classification of phylum
• Phylogenetic relationships of different species can be shown using a phylogenetic trees

Question 4

Taxonomy

Answer 4

Definition: The study & practice of grouping organisms through biological classification.

• The hierarchical order (taxonomic ranks) in taxonomy is based upon the evolutionary line of descent of a group of organisms.
• Hierarchy

1. groups within groups
2. with no overlap

Question 5

Taxonomy

Answer 5

the study or practice of classifying living organisms according to a hierarchical system based on evolutionary relationships.

Question 6

Hierarchy

Answer 6

placing small groups within large groups with NO overlap

Question 7

Naming system

Answer 7

Delicious King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages

Question 8

Courtship behaviour

I

Answer 8

• Ensures successful reproduction, as it allows individuals to:
• Recognise members of the same species
• To ensure that mating occurs only between members of the same species
• Only members of the same species will produce fertile offspring

• Identify a mate that is capable of breeding
-Both partners need to be sexually mature, fertile and receptive to mating.

• Form a pair bond
-Leading to successful mating and raising of offspring.

• Synchronise mating
-Ensuring that mating occurs when there is the maximum probability of the sperm and egg meeting.

Question 9

What is a genome?

Answer 9

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Question 10

What is a proteome?

Answer 10

Is the # of diff proteins that a cell is able to produce at a given time