Classification

Question 1

What are the four kingdoms of eukarya?

Answer 1

Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

Question 2

Distinguish between homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures.

Answer 2

Homologous structure reflect a common origin and ancestry. Analogous structures are superficial similarities and just mean that the animals have had to adapt to similar environments but are not related. Vestigial structures indicate the evolution of structures like the appendix.

Question 3

What two components make up Linauess nomenclature?

Answer 3

Genus name then species name. With all italicizes and first letter capital

Question 4

Describe Darwins theory.

Answer 4

O-overproduction
V- variation
Sp- selection pressures
B- 
M-many generations

Question 5

What are 5 types of selection that can change the frequency of inherited traits?

Answer 5

Stabilizing selection-favors common intermediate forms
Disruptive/diversifying- favors extremes and can even lead to divergences of species through balanced polymorphism
Directional selection- one phenotype replaces another in the gene pool
Sexual selection- sexual pressures influence phenotype
Artificial selection- humans breed with desired traits

Question 6

What preserves variation?

Answer 6

Balanced polymorphism, geographic variation, sexual reproduction (independent assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization, crossing over), outbreeding, diploidy, heterozygote advantage, frequency dependent selection (majority advantage), evolutionary neutral traits

Question 7

What are the 5 causes of evolution?

Answer 7

Genetic drift (bottleneck effect and founder effect), gene flow(movement of alleles into or out of a population) , mutations, no random mating, natural selection

Question 8

What are the requirements for hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 8

Large pop, isolated Pop from other pops, no mutations in Pop, random mating, no natural selection

Essentially nothing that can cause evolution

Question 9

Distinguish between allopathic and sympathize speciation.

Answer 9

Allopatric- caused by geographic isolation

Sympatric-no geological barriers

Question 10

What are examples of sympatric speciation?

Answer 10

Polyploidy, habitat isolation (water, terrestrial), behavioral (mating dances) temporal ( time when active) reproductive (inability to mate)

Question 11

What are 5 patterns of evolution?

Answer 11

Divergent - allopatric and sympatric, convergent - two species that evolve in similar environments and therefore show similar adaptations
Parallel - when two related species show similar adaptation after divergence from a common ancestor
Co evolution - reciprocal evolutionary adaptations
Adaptive radiation- emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor

Question 12

What are the three domains?

Answer 12

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 13

Distinguish between monocots and dicots.

Answer 13

Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel vascular veins, petals multiple of 3, and netlike roots, and scattered vascular bundles. Dicots have two cotyledons, netlike vascular veins, petals multiple of 4/5, taproots, and a ring of vascular bundles.